浅谈如何实现电动汽车产业的健康合理发展——对挪威模式的分析和消费者满意度调查

How to realize the healthy and reasonable development of electric vehicle industry——Analysis of the norwegian model and consumer satisfaction survey

2010年以后电动汽车在全球范围内急速普及,尤为显著的是中国电动汽车市场。究其原因主要是政府政策的大力推动。例如一些欧洲国家已经制定了禁止销售汽油柴油新车的方针,美国更新了原有的ZEV(Zero Emission Vehicles)制度,不仅要求更多的汽车生产商向市场提供更环保的汽车,而且进一步缩小既定的环保汽车车型范围(规定只有纯电动汽车和燃料电池汽车符合零排放汽车定义)。中国政府整合乘用车企业平均燃料消耗量(CAFC)和新能源汽车(NEV)积分制度,推出《乘用车企业平均燃料消耗量与新能源汽车积分并行管理办法》,这些政策和制度都为新能源汽车的普及提供了政策上的鼓励和支持,为电动汽车的普及提供了充分的政策优惠和推广平台。结合分析荷兰电动汽车发展情况,考察在以政策导向为主要背景的前提下普及电动汽车时还需要注意的问题有哪些,并结合消费者满意度调查对电动汽车的存在价值做客观评价。

After 2010,electric vehicles(EVs)were popularized quickly worldwide,especially in China.Obviously,supporting policies of governments made the greatest contribution to the prosperity of EV markets.For example,some European countries have established policies to ban sales of new gasoline/diesel-fuelled vehicles.The US has updated its original Zero Emission Vehicle(ZEV)program.It not only requires more automobile manufacturers to offer more environmentally friendly vehicles on the market,but also further narrows the range of established zero-emission vehicles.According to its new ZEV program,only pure electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles are consistent with the definition of zero-emission vehicles.Chinese government has integrated the CAFE and NEV points systems to promulgate the“Measures on Parallel Administration of Passenger Car Enterprise Average Fuel Consumption and New-Energy Vehicle Credits”.These policies and systems all institutionally encouraged and supported the popularization of new energy vehicles.In other words,governments provide diverse preferential policies and promotion platforms for the popularization of electric vehicles.In this paper,the development situation of electric vehicles in the Netherlands was analyzed.In the context of policy orientation,problems other than policies in the process of popularizing electric vehicles were identified and investigated.And made an objective evaluation of the existence value of electric vehicles while taking the consumer satisfaction gained from the survey into consideration.