基于EVA的鱼类音响驯化装置设计与实验

Design and experiment of fish acoustic domestication device based on EVA

针对海洋牧场增殖放流过程中的驯化需求,为提高有效性、可靠性和操作方便性,设计基于EVA材料的鱼类音响驯化装置,并进行装置的应用实验。以EVA实心材料为浮体,设计集远程控制、音响驯化和鱼类行为监控于一体的鱼类驯化装置整体结构;根据驯化饵料的特点确定料箱底部的自然下料角度,采用螺旋控料装置实现饵料按需均匀投料,每分钟下料量113 g;系统总体平均日耗电量27.47 Wh,设计满足连续阴雨13 d正常工作的太阳能供能系统。经计算装置稳心高度0.37 m满足规范要求,横摇固有周期2.3 s避开了波浪主能量频率,表明装置有较好的随浪运动特性;以条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)为对象进行音响驯化实验,实验表明:经25次驯化,以驯化点直径1 m范围鱼群聚集率40%为标准,对照池聚集持续时间为28 s,简易驯化实验池聚集持续时间为115 s,集成式驯化实验池聚集持续时间为473 s;从鱼群聚集率变化角度,简易驯化实验池驯化12次后趋于平稳,约为49%,最终为58%,集成式驯化实验池驯化8次后趋于平稳,约为95%,最终达到了99%。所研发装置在网箱和开放海域进行了应用,良好的效果显示了其有效性和可靠性,为增殖放流效果提升提供了装备支撑。

Aiming at the domestication demand in the process of proliferation and release of marine ranching,in order to improve the effectiveness,reliability and operation convenience,a fish acoustic domestication device based on EVA material was designed,and the application experiment of the device was carried out.Taking EVA solid material as the floating body,the overall structure of fish domestication device which integrates remote control,acoustic domestication and fish behavior monitoring was designed.The natural feeding angle at the bottom of the hopper was determined according to the characteristics of domesticated bait,and the screw feeding control device is adopted to realize the uniform feeding of bait as required,with the feeding amount of 113 g per minute.The overall average daily power consumption of each subsystem is 27.47 Wh,and a solar energy supply system is designed to meet the needs of regular work of 13 consecutive rainy days.According to the calculation,the metacentric height of the device is 0.37 m,which meets the requirements of the code,and the natural period of rolling is 2.3 s,which avoids the main wave energy frequency,indicating that the device has good wave-following motion characteristics.The acoustic domestication experiment of Oplegnathus fasciatus was carried out.The experiment showed that after 25 times of domestication,taking the aggregation rate of 40%fish in the range of 1 meter in diameter at the domestication point as the standard,the aggregation duration of the control pool was 28 seconds,the aggregation duration of the simple domestication experimental pool was 115 seconds,and the aggregation duration of the integrated domestication experimental pool was 473 seconds.From the perspective of the change of fish aggregation rate,the simple domestication experimental pool tended to be stable at about 49%and finally reached 58%after 12 times of domestication while the integrated domestication experimental pool tended to be stable at about 95%and finally reached 99%after 8 times of domestication.The developed device has been applied in net cages and open sea areas,and good results show its effectiveness and reliability,which provides solid foundation to improve the fries releasing effect.