2018-2021年度山东省采供血机构血液检验不合格趋势分析

Tendency analysis of unqualified blood tests in Shandong Province from 2018 to 2021

目的了解近4年山东地区献血者检验不合格的变化趋势,为血液安全策略的制定提供指导和支持。方法收集2018-2021年省内18家采供血机构血液检验不合格数据,对不同不合格原因进行趋势分析。结果全省年均检验不合格献血者15148人,年均检验不合格率1.35%,总体检验不合格率呈逐年下降趋势,χ^(2)=209.26,P<0.001。谷丙转氨酶(ALT)高、抗丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)阳性、抗梅毒螺旋体(TP)阳性的不合格献血者人数均呈显著下降趋势,χ^(2)值分别为135.13、37.31、218.78,均P<0.01,乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性导致的不合格献血者人数呈下降趋势,χ^(2)=4.25,P<0.05,人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)阳性、核酸阳性导致的不合格人数呈上升趋势,χ^(2)值分别为36.72、32.13,均P<0.01,人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒(HTLV)阳性导致的不合格人数变化差异无统计学意义,χ^(2)=0.06,P>0.05。不同年龄段献血者检验不合格占当年不合格献血者的百分比年变化速度各不同,其中21~30岁呈逐年下降趋势,χ^(2)=4.36,P<0.05。男、女献血者的血液检验不合格率均呈逐年显著下降趋势,χ^(2)值分别为146.19、63.53,均P<0.01,但男性显著高于女性,χ^(2)=893.30,P<0.01。结论山东地区血液检测不合格率呈显著下降趋势,但不合格项目的变化趋势有所不同,今后的献血者宣教与招募需区别对待、有的放矢。

Objective To understand the changing trends of unqualified blood donors in the Shandong region over the past four years,and to provide guidance and support for the development of blood safety strategies.Methods Data on unqualified blood tests from 18 blood donation and supply institutions in Shandong Province from 2018 to 2021 were collected,and trend analysis was conducted for different reasons for unqualification.Results The province had an average of 15148 unqualified blood donors per year,with an average unqualification rate of 1.35%.The number of unqualified blood donors with high Alanine Aminotransferase(ALT),positive hepatitis C virus(HCV)antibodies,and positive treponema pallidum(TP)antibodies all showed a significant downward trend,withχ^(2) values of 135.13,37.31,218.78,all P<0.01.The number of unqualified blood donors with positive hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)showed a downward trend,χ^(2)=4.25,P<0.05;The number of unqualified blood donors with positive human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and nucleic acid positive showed an upward trend,withχ^(2) values of 36.72,32.13,all P<0.01.There was no significant difference in the number of unqualified blood donors with positive human T-lymphotropic virus(HTLV),χ^(2)=0.06,P>0.05.The percentage of unqualified blood donors in different age group in the same year changed at different annual rates,with the 21-30 age group showing a decreasing trend,χ^(2)=4.36,P<0.05.The rate of unqualified blood donors among male and female donors both showed a significant decreasing trend over the years,χ^(2) values were 146.19,63.53,both P<0.01,but the rate of male donors was significantly higher than that of female donors,χ^(2)=893.30,P<0.01.Conclusions The unqualified rate of blood testing in Shandong region showed a significant downward trend,but the changing trend of unqualified items was different.In the future,the education and recruitment of blood donors need to be treated differently and targeted.