牡丹江市不同类型职业人群乙肝疫苗复种认知相关调查

Investigation on cognition of hepatitis B vaccine revaccination among different occupational groups, Mudanjiang

目的了解牡丹江市不同类型职业人群乙肝疫苗复种知识等知晓现状,为促进人群按需进行乙肝疫苗复种制定有效措施提供参考。方法于2021年9-12月采用便利抽样方法在牡丹江市4个行政区抽取各类职业人员,应用自制包含乙肝疫苗复种相关知识、行为等内容电子问卷进行调查,计量资料采用t检验或单因素方差分析,计数资料采用χ^(2)检验。结果共收集有效问卷400份,其中医疗卫生人员问卷110份,非医疗卫生在职人员问卷214份,个体及无业人员问卷76份。各类职业人群的乙肝疫苗复种相关知识总体知晓率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=32.919,P<0.001),表现为医疗卫生人员总体知晓率(60.00%)>非医疗卫生在职人员总体知晓率(38.79%)>个体及无业人员总体知晓率(18.42%)。乙肝疫苗复种相关知识仅有医疗卫生人员对“疫苗复种前需要检测乙肝病毒血清标志物(HBV-M)”和“复种后有必要检测抗体水平”的知晓率≥90%,分别为97.27%和90.00%,所有人群对“疫苗接种后不一定产生抗体”和“抗体水平会随时间而降低”的认知均<90.00%。近5年内做过HBV-M相关检查的比例医疗卫生人员(73.64%)较非医疗卫生在职人员(48.60%)、个体及无业人员(32.89%)高;“若抗体水平较低,愿意复种”的行为表现为医疗卫生人员比例(95.45%)和非医疗卫生在职人员比例(92.99%)高于个体及无业人员比例(77.63%),差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=19.761,P<0.001。结论牡丹江市各类职业人群乙肝疫苗复种总体认知水平偏低,建议在人群中开展乙肝复种相关知识的宣传,提升认知水平,促进人群按需进行乙肝疫苗复种。

Objective To understand the awareness status of hepatitis B vaccine revaccination knowledge among different occupational groups in Mudanjiang,so as to provide reference of formulating effective measures for promoting the population to carry out hepatitis B vaccine revaccination on demand.Methods Occupational personnels were selected from four administrative districts of Mudanjiang City by convenient sampling method from September to December 2021.A self-made electronic questionnaire containing the related knowledge and behavior of hepatitis B vaccine revaccination was used for investigation.The measurement data were subjected to t-test or one-way analysis of variance,and the enumeration data were subjected toχ^(2)test.Results A total of 400 valid questionnaires were collected,including 110 questionnaires for medical and health personnel,214 questionnaires for non-medical and health employees,and 76 questionnaires for individuals and unemployed people.There were differences in the overall awareness rate of hepatitis B vaccine revaccination among different occupational groups(χ^(2)=32.919,P<0.001),which showed that the overall awareness rate of medical and health personnel(60.00%)>that of non-medical and health employees(38.79%)>that of individuals and unemployed people(18.42%).Only medical and health personnel’s awareness rate was≥90%about"HBV serum marker(HBV-M)needs to be tested before vaccine revaccination"and"antibody level needs to be tested after vaccine revaccination",which were 97.27%and 90.00%,respectively,and the cognition about"antibody may not be produced after vaccination"and"antibody level will decrease with time"were all below 90.00%.The proportion of medical and health personnel(73.64%)who had HBV-M related examinations in recent five years was higher than that of non-medical and health employees(48.60%),individuals and unemployed people(32.89%).The behavior of"willing to replant if the antibody level is low"showed that the proportion of medical and health personnel(95.45%)and non-medical and health employees(92.99%)was higher than that of individuals and unemployed people(77.63%),the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=19.761,P<0.001).Conclusions Overall cognitive level of hepatitis B vaccine revaccination among various occupational groups is low in Mudanjiang.It is suggested that the propaganda of related knowledge about hepatitis B revaccination should be carried out in the population to improve the cognitive level and promote the population to carry out hepatitis B vaccine revaccination on demand.