2011-2020年胶州市水痘流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological analysis of varicella in Jiaozhou from 2011 to 2020

目的分析2011-2020年胶州市水痘流行病学特征,为胶州市制定有针对性的水痘防制策略和措施提供参考依据。方法对2011-2020年胶州市的水痘病例资料进行描述性流行病学统计分析,采用直线回归分析分年龄段进行发病率的趋势性检验。结果2011-2020年胶州市累计报告水痘病例567例,年均发病率为6.42/10万,各年份发病率比较,差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=71.157,P<0.001;男性年均发病率高于女性,差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=5.705,P=0.017;<15岁年龄组在病例中占比最大为59.61%,但构成比逐年呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=59.926,P<0.001),15~19岁和≥25岁年龄组发病率逐年上升,差异有统计学意义,t值分别为5.064和5.087,均P<0.001;学生、散居儿童和托幼儿童发病较多,分别占病例总数的43.03%、24.16%和7.23%;4-6月,11月至次年1月为发病高峰;街道年均发病率高于乡镇,差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=34.487,P<0.001。结论胶州市水痘发病率低于山东省和青岛市,但有上升趋势,为有效控制疫情,应广泛开展水痘防控知识的健康宣教,加强校园和医疗机构的疫情监测,扩大水痘疫苗覆盖范围。

Objective To provide reference basis for formulating targeted preventive and control measures against varicella by analyzing epidemiological features of varicella in Jiaozhou from 2011 to 2020.Methods The data of varicella cases in Jiaozhou from 2011 to 2020 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological statistics.The trend of incidence was analyzed by age group using linear regression analysis.Results Totally 567 cases were reported from 2011 to 2020 and the annual incidence rate was 6.42/100000,the difference of the incidence rates among years was significant(χ^(2)=71.157,P<0.001).The annual incidence rate of male was higher than that of female(χ^(2)=5.705,P=0.017).The proportion of cases under the age of 15 accounted for the highest(59.61%),and the proportion showed a downward trend(χ^(2)=59.926,P<0.001).The incidence rates in people aged 15~19 year old and the people above the age of 25 were increasing year by year,and the difference was statistically significance(t=5.064,P<0.001;t=5.087,P<0.001).During all kinds of occupations,students,scattered children and nursery children group were the main populations,accounting for 43.03%,24.16%and 7.23%,respectively.The peak of the incidence of varicella was from April to June and from November to next January.The annual incidence rate in subdistricts was higher than that in towns,and the difference was statistically significance(χ^(2)=34.487,P<0.001).Conclusions The incidence of varicella in Jiaozhou was lower than that in Shandong province and Qingdao city,while it showed an increasing trend.In order to effectively control the epidemic situation,we should carry out health education on varicella widely,strengthen epidemic surveillance in campus and medical institutions,and expand the coverage of varicella vaccines.