我国妇幼保健机构卫生人力资源现状分析

Analysis of the current situation of health human resources in China’s maternal and child health institutions

目的分析我国妇幼保健机构卫生人力资源现状,为妇幼卫生人才的合理配置提供参考。方法以《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》(2018-2021年)公布的我国妇幼保健院(所、站)卫生人员数量、年龄、学历、职称及地域数据为研究对象,采用描述性统计分析法利用Access、Matlab、Excel软件进行数据分析,统计分析其变化情况及存在问题。结果我国妇幼保健机构卫生人员总量持续增加,年均增长8.15%;卫生技术人员在整个卫生人员增加量构成中占比最高为85.43%。医护配置比例1∶1.29;卫生技术人员年龄集中在25~44岁;整体学历水平不断提升,大专学历占比最高为40.9%;卫生技术人员初中高级职称的比例为3.2∶2.4∶1;卫生人力资源分布存在地域上的不平衡。结论我国妇幼保健机构卫生人员各方面呈现良性的发展趋势,但是初中高级职称人员占比距世卫组织标准有较大差距;高层次人才缺乏;东西部发展不平衡。

Objective This research is to provide reference for the rational disposition of maternal and child health talents by analyzing the human resources status in maternity and child health care institutions in China.Methods The data,including the number,age,educational background,professional title and region of health personnel in China’s maternal and child health hospitals(clinics and stations)published in“Year Book of Health in China”(2018-2021)were selected as the objects,this research adopted descriptive statistical analysis to analyze the data using the Access,Matlab and Excel software,thus statistically analyzing the changes and existing problems.Results The total number of health personnel in China’s maternal and child health care institutions continued to increase,with an average annual growth of 8.15%;Health technicians accounted for the highest proportion of 85.43%in the total increase of health personnel,and the disposition proportion of doctors and nurses was 1∶1.29;The age of health technicians centralized between 25 and 44 years old;The overall level of education degree has been continuously promoted,with college degree accounting for 40.9%of the total;The proportion of primary,intermediate and senior professional titles of health technicians was 3.2∶2.4∶1;The distribution of health human resources is unbalanced in regions.Conclusions The health personnel in maternal and child health care institutions in China show a benign development trend in all aspects,but there is a large gap between the personnel proportion of primary,intermediate and senior professional titles and the WHO standards;There is a shortage of high-level talents and unbalanced development in the eastern western regions.