2018年北京市朝阳区居民食物消费与营养摄入现况分析

Analysis of food consumption and the status of nutritional intake among residents in the Chaoyang District of Beijing City

目的分析2018年7月北京市朝阳区居民膳食结构和各类营养摄入水平。方法北京市朝阳区作为国家食品安全风险评估中心的调查点,开展居民食物消费量调查,采用多阶段整群随机抽样,在朝阳区抽取4个街道的16个居委会,共对196户家庭进行3d的24h膳食回顾和调味品称重调查。调查数据用SPSS 20.0进行均值比较和Spearman相关性分析。结果朝阳区居民平均每标准人日各类食物消费量分别为:谷类276.18g、薯类32.51g、蔬菜类218.32g、水果类102.34g、畜禽肉93.96g、蛋类35.91g、水产品10.86g、奶及奶制品61.06g、大豆及坚果类35.82g、糕点类6.70g、食用油26.6g、烹调盐7.37g、烹调糖1.78g、其他调味品3.64g、酱类0.46g、酱油9.40g。居民禽肉类(r=0.141,P=0.003)、蔬菜(r=0.124,P=0.009)、水果(r=0.156,P=0.001)、水产品(r=0.134,P=0.005)的消费量与文化程度呈正相关关系;居民蛋类(r=0.205,P<0.001)、大豆及坚果(r=0.196,P<0.001)、蔬菜(r=0.108,P=0.023)、薯类(r=0.210,P<0.001)、水果(r=0.304,P<0.001)的消费量与个人年收入水平呈正相关关系。居民平均每标准人日能量摄入量为2140.36kcal,各类营养素摄入量分别为蛋白质78.53g、脂肪50.73g、碳水化合物199.14g、膳食纤维23.99g、维生素A(RE)539.45μg、维生素B_(1)0.93mg、维生素B_(2)0.97mg、维生素B_(6)0.10mg、维生素B_(12)0.11μg、维生素C 89.06mg、维生素D 1.06μg、维生素E 11.45mg、钠2648.43mg、钾1720.50mg、钙330.96mg、镁258.30mg、铁16.61mg、锌11.83mg。结论朝阳区居民膳食和营养素摄入量比2020年报告的全国城市居民膳食水平更接近平衡膳食的要求,膳食过量与不足并存,其中营养素摄入不足较突出,薯类、水果、蔬菜、奶类和水产品摄入量有待提高。

Objective To understand the status of food consumption and nutritional intake among residents in the Chaoyang District,Beijing in July 2018.Methods Chaoyang district was one of the Investigation sites of national food safety risk assessment center.Multi-stage cluster random sampling was conducted to investigate 196 families.16 neighborhood committees from 4 streets were selected in Chaoyang District to investigate their 24-hour intake of food and condiments in 3 consecutive days.The survey data was analyzed by SPSS 20.0 for descriptive analysis and Spearman correlation analysis.Results The per capita per day food consumption of the residents in Chaoyang District included 276.18 g cereals,32.51 g tubers,218.32 g vegetables,102.34 g fruits,93.96 g poultry,35.91 g eggs,10.86 g aquatic products,61.06 g milk and dairy products,35.82 g soy and nuts,6.7 g pastries,26.6 g edible oil,7.37 g salts,1.78 g sugar,3.64 g condiments,0.46 g sauces,9.4 g soy sauce.The consumption of poultry(r=0.141,P=0.003),vegetables(r=0.124,P=0.009),fruits(r=0.156,P=0.001)and aquatic products(r=0.134,P=0.005)was positively correlated with educational degree.The consumption of eggs(r=0.205,P<0.001),soy and nuts(r=0.196,P<0.001),vegetables(r=0.108,P=0.023),tubers(r=0.210,P<0.001)and fruits(r=0.304,P<0.001)was positively correlated with personal annual income.The per capita per day nutrients of the residents in Chaoyang District included 2140.36kcal energy,78.53g protein,50.73g fat,199.14g carbohydrate,23.99g dietary fiber,539.45μg vitamin A(RE),0.93mg vitamin B_(1),0.97mg vitamin B_(2),0.10mg vitamin B_(6),0.11μg vitamin B_(12),89.06mg vitamin C,1.06μg vitamin D,11.45mg vitamin E,2648.43mg sodium,1720.50mg potassium,330.96mg calcium,258.30mg magnesium,16.61mg iron,11.83mg zinc.Conclusions The food consumption among residents in Chaoyang District is more closed to the balanced diet than the countrywide report level in 2020.Excessive and insufficient diet coexist,especially the insufficient intake of nutrients is prominent.The intake of tubers,fruits,vegetables,milk and aquatic products needs to be improved.