潍坊市中老年居民糖尿病流行与管理现状及影响因素分析

Prevalence and management of diabetes among middle-aged and elderly residents in Weifang City

目的了解潍坊市中老年居民糖尿病患病、知晓、治疗和控制情况及其影响因素,为提高潍坊市糖尿病的防控水平提供参考依据。方法于2020-05-16采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法在潍坊市抽取4047名≥35岁中老年居民进行问卷调查和体格检查,分析潍坊市中老年居民糖尿病患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率现状及其影响因素。结果潍坊市中老年居民糖尿病患病率为11.40%,知晓率为56.80%,治疗率为51.40%,控制率为28.51%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果提示,年龄大(50~岁:OR=2.491,95%CI为1.463~4.241;60~岁:OR=4.201,95%CI为2.446~7.225;70~岁:OR=6.019,95%CI为3.207~11.295)、健康状况不佳(一般:OR=1.942,95%CI为1.415~2.666;差:OR=8.954,95%CI为5.025~15.957;非常差:OR=4.212,95%CI为1.257~14.119)、不经常锻炼(OR=1.488,95%CI为1.210~1.829)、超重或肥胖(超重:OR=1.751,95%CI为1.362~2.251;肥胖:OR=2.602,95%CI为1.968~3.439)是糖尿病患病的危险因素;年龄大(50~岁:OR=10.922,95%CI为1.291~92.389;60~岁:OR=17.768,95%CI为2.077~151.992;70~岁:OR=11.750,95%CI为1.281~107.745)、健康状况不佳(一般:OR=3.644,95%CI为1.830~7.254;差:OR=5.497,95%CI为1.928~15.674)、饮酒(OR=2.347,95%CI为1.321~4.170)是影响糖尿病治疗情况的危险因素;年龄大(50~岁:OR=7.631,95%CI为1.206~48.292;60~岁:OR=8.251,95%CI为1.183~57.553)、学历为初中(OR=1.896,95%CI为1.128~3.188)的控制率较其他特征人群高,肥胖(OR=0.536,95%CI为0.291~0.989)患者的控制率较其他特征人群低;年龄大(60~岁:OR=0.063,95%CI为0.011~0.368;70~岁:OR=0.528,95%CI为0.128~0.775)的居民知晓率高,健康状况不佳(一般:OR=2.860,95%CI为1.033~7.920;差:OR=2.860,95%CI为1.033~7.920)的居民知晓率较其他特征人群低。结论潍坊市中老年居民糖尿病患病率尚可,知晓率、治疗率和控制率有待提高,应针对不同特征中老年群体进行健康教育,倡导健康生活方式,加强锻炼,保持合理体质量,同时,重视中老年群体糖尿病的自我管理,形成全面的防治机制。

Objective To investigate the prevalence,awareness,treatment and control of diabetes among middle-aged and elderly residents in Weifang City,and to provide reference for improving the prevention and control level of diabetes in Weifang City.Methods On May 16,2020,multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method in Weifang from 4047cases with more than 35years of age and older residents questionnaire and physical examination,analysis of Weifang middle-aged and old residents diabetes prevalence,awareness,treatment and control status and its influencing factors.Results The prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus was 11.40%,the awareness rate was 56.80%,the treatment rate was 51.40%,and the control rate was 28.51%.The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis suggested that,age(50-years:OR=2.491,95%CI was 1.463-4.241;60-years:OR=4.201,95%CI was 2.446-7.225;70-years OR=6.019,95%CI was 3.207-11.295),poor health status(general:OR=1.942,95%CI was 1.415-2.666;poor:OR=8.954,95%CI was 5.025-15.957;very poor:OR=4.212,95%CI was 1.257-14.119),do not exercise regularly(OR=1.488,95%CI was 1.210-1.829),overweight or obese(overweight:OR=1.751,95%CI was 1.362-2.251;obesity:OR=2.602,95%CI was 1.968-3.439)were risk factors for diabetes.Age(50-years:OR=10.922,95%CI was 1.291-92.389;60-years:OR=17.768,95%CI was 2.077-151.992;70-years:OR=11.750,95%CI was 1.281-107.745),poor health status(general:OR=3.644,95%CI was 1.830-7.254;poor:OR=5.497,95%CI was 1.928-15.674)and alcohol consumption(OR=2.347,95%CI was 1.321-4.170)were risk factors affecting the treatment of diabetes.Age(50-years:OR=7.631,95%CI was 1.206-48.292;60-years:OR=8.251,95%CI was 1.183-57.553)and junior high school education(OR=1.896,95%CI was 1.128-3.188)were higher than that of other characteristic population.The control rate of obesity(OR=0.536,95%CI was 0.291-0.989)was lower than that of other characteristic population.Age(60-years:OR=0.063,95%CI was 0.011-0.368;70-years:OR=0.528,95%CI was 0.128-0.775)had a high awareness rate,and poor health status(general:OR=2.860,95%CI was 1.033-7.920;poor health status:OR=2.860,95%CI was 1.033-7.920)were lower than other characteristic populations.Conclusions The prevalence rate of diabetes among the middle-aged and elderly residents in Weifang is acceptable,and the awareness rate,treatment rate and control rate need to be improved.Health education should be carried out for the middle-aged and elderly groups with different characteristics,advocating a healthy lifestyle,strengthening exercise,and maintaining reasonable body mass.At the same time,attention should be paid to the self-management of diabetes among the middle-aged and elderly groups to form a comprehensive prevention and treatment mechanism.