银川市社区居民应对突发公共卫生事件知识与技能现状调查

Investigation on knowledge and skills of community residents in response to public health emergencies in Yinchuan

目的了解银川市社区居民应急知识与技能现状,为当地制定突发公共卫生事件健康教育干预策略与措施提供参考依据。方法于2021-02-28-2021-03-28采用方便抽样方法随机抽取银川市市辖3区共236位社区居民进行问卷调查,主要调查内容包括一般人口学资料、突发公共卫生事件知识与技能知晓情况,应用χ^(2)检验和二元Logistics回归进行统计分析。结果200份有效问卷中,91.0%(182/200)的城市居民对突发公共卫生事件具有预防认知。89.5%(179/200)认为需要准备逃生物品,家庭储备物资最多的是常用医药品为88.0%(176/200)、医用口罩为83.0%(166/200)和医用包扎用品77.0%(154/200)。对传染病与预防技能的知晓率最高为“重症急性呼吸综合征(SARS)的有效预防方法”,为92.5%(185/200)。对“禽流感”的知晓率略低,为84.5%(169/200),男性与女性的知晓率差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=7.317,P=0.007。“流感”知晓率为82.0%(164/200),男性与女性的知晓率差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=5.058,P=0.025。“霍乱”知晓率为78.5%(157/200),男性与女性的知晓率差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=6.509,P=0.010。“麻疹”知晓率最低,为60.0%(120/200)。98.5%(197/200)的受访者对本地突发公共卫生事件情况表示“关心”,认为需要充实相应知识技能学习,且多以“网络”为主要获取渠道。但>60岁老年群体仍以“电视”为首选信息媒介。结论银川市社区居民对本地罕见突发公共卫生事件缺乏了解的主动性且知晓率较低,社区开展传染病防治知识宣传工作不到位。建议从社区和政府2个层面采取相应措施,提升城市居民应对突发公共卫生事件的知识和技能水平。

Objective To understand the current situation of community residents’emergency knowledge and skills in Yinchuan City,and to provide reference for local health education intervention strategies and measures in public health emergencies.Methods From February 28,2021 to March 28,2021,a total of 236 community residents in three districts of Yinchuan city were randomly selected by convenient sampling method for questionnaire survey.The main survey contents include general demographic data,knowledge and skills of public health emergencies.χ^(2) Inspection and binary logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.Results 91.0%(182/200)of urban residents had awareness of prevention of public health emergencies.89.5%(179/200)thought it was necessary to prepare escape articles.Common medicines reserved the most in a family,accounting for 88.0%(176/200),followed by medical masks 83.0%(166/200)and medical bandages 77%(154/200).The highest awareness rate of infectious diseases and preventive skills was"effective prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)",which is 92.5%(185/200).The awareness rate of"avian influenza"was slightly lower,reaching 84.5%(169/200),and the difference in awareness rate between men and women was statistically significant,χ^(2)=7.317,P=0.007.The awareness rate of"influenza"was 82.0%(164/200),with significant difference between men and women,χ^(2)=5.058,P=0.025.The awareness rate of"cholera"was 78.5%(157/200),with significant difference between men and women,χ^(2)=6.509,P=0.010.The awareness rate of"measles"was the lowest,60.0%(120/200).98.5%(197/200)of the respondents expressed"concern"about local public health emergencies,believed that it was necessary to enrich the learning of corresponding knowledge and skills,and took"network"as the main access channel.However,the elderly over 60still took"television"as the preferred information medium.Conclusions Community residents in Yinchuan lack of initiative and are less aware of local rare public health emergencies.The publicity of prevention knowledge about infectious disease in community is not effective.It is suggested to take corresponding measures from the community and government levels to clarify individual differences and select rich and diversified ways to improve the pertinence and universality of science and general education,in order to improve the knowledge and skills of urban residents in dealing with public health emergencies.