2019年深圳市罗湖区居民慢性病现状及相关健康知识知晓调查

Survey on the current health status and knowledge of residents in Luohu District,Shenzhen,2019

目的了解深圳市罗湖区居民主要慢性病患病现状、健康行为、健康知识知晓情况和获取途径,为进一步开展社区卫生健康教育服务提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层抽样方法,选取2019年深圳罗湖区东门街道居住满6个月的≥18岁常住社区居民进行入户问卷调查与体格检查。分析社区居民的健康指标、健康知识和行为,指标包括:一般人口学特征、慢性病指标(心脑血管疾病、癌症、慢性呼吸系统疾病以及糖尿病等)、体质量指数、体育锻炼、膳食摄入、吸烟、饮酒、健康知识知晓情况和获取途径等。结果共调查≥18岁常住居民954户1466人。调查对象主要慢性病总患病率为27.49%(403/1466),其中高血压自述患病率、高血压时点患病率、冠心病患病率和脑卒中患病率分别为11.25%(165/1466)、18.48%(271/1466)、1.02%(15/1466)和0.41%(6/1466)。心脑血管疾病患病率随年龄增长呈增长趋势,≥60岁人群以上4种心脑血管疾病患病率分别达到32.95%(86/261)、44.75%(98/219)、5.36%(14/261)和2.30%(6/261)。被调查对象总超重率为28.77%(368/1279),男、女超重率分别为38.17%和21.00%,χ^(2)=45.581,P<0.001;18~<60岁人群吸烟率为23.57%(284/1205),饮酒率为26.56%(320/1205);经常锻炼率(≥3次/周)为37.10%(447/1205),其中45.61%的男性和46.97%的女性每次锻炼≥60 min;19.33%(214/1107)的居民蔬菜摄入每天<2餐,11.54%(139/1205)的居民每周<3 d吃早餐,28.27%(213/1107)的居民水果摄入每周<3 d。居民知道健康的定义、每日蔬菜、盐和油的推荐摄入量分别有54.61%(658/1205)、30.12%(363/1205)、34.02%(410/1205)、26.22%(316/1205),知道艾滋病的传播途径包含性传播的居民为76.35%(920/1205)、知道艾滋病的传播途径包含血液传播的居民为73.20%(882/1205)、知道艾滋病的传播途径包含母婴传播的居民为43.82%(528/1205),知道乙肝的主要传播途径是性行为、输血和母婴传播的居民为53.69%(647/1205)。微信、App是18~45岁人群获取健康教育知识的最主要途径(403/836),电视、广播是>45~59岁人群的主要途径(164/369),仅12.81%(103/804)的居民主动参与社区开展的健康讲座。结论深圳市罗湖区的社区居民健康状况、健康行为、健康知识和获取途径等指标有待改善,需要针对居民的健康问题、健康需求和获取健康信息途径特点,继续开展针对性、连续性、综合性社区健康教育服务。

Objective To better understand the current chronic disease conditions,health knowledge,access to health education information,and provide evidence to further develop community health education services among residents in Luohu District,Shenzhen.Methods A multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to conduct a household survey among adult residents above the ages of 18 years old who have been living in Dongmen Street,Luohu District,Shenzhen for at least six months.The analysis was conducted on health status,health knowledge,and health behaviors.The analysis indexes included socio-demographic information,chronic disease(i.e.,cardiovascular disease,cancer,respiratory diseases,and diabetes),body mass index,physical activities,diets,smoking,drinking,and access to health education information.Results A total of 954 households age above 18 and 1466 individuals were investigated.The prevalence rate of chronic diseases among participants was 27.49%(403/1466).Particularly,the prevalence rates of cardiovascular diseases,including self-evaluated hypertension,point hypertension,coronary heart disease and stroke,were 11.25%(165/1466),18.48%(271/1466),1.02%(15/1466)and 0.41%(6/1466),respectively.The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases increased with age.The prevalence of these four types of cardiovascular diseases were 32.95%(86/261),44.75%(98/219),5.36%(14/261),and 2.30%(6/261)among participants above 60 years old,respectively.28.77%(368/1279)of participants were overweight and obese,with higher proportion of male(38.17%)being overweight and obese than female(21.00%,χ^(2)=45.581,P<0.001).Among 18-<60 years old participants,the smoking rate was23.57%(284/1205)and the drinking rate was 26.56%(320/1205).The prevalence of regular exercising(≥3 times/week)was 37.10%(447/1205)among 18-<60 years old participants.Furthermore,45.61%of male and 46.97%of female participants reported exercising≥60 min/time.19.33%(214/1107)of participants consumed vegetables for less than two meals a day.11.54%(139/1205)of participants ate breakfast for less than three days a week.28.27%(213/1107)of participants consumed fruits less than three days a week.54.61%(658/1205),30.12%(363/1205),34.02%(410/1205),and 26.22%(316/1205)of participants knew the definition of being healthy,daily recommended intake of vegetables,salt,and oil,respectively.73.20%(920/1205),and 43.82%(528/1205)of participants knew Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)can transmit through blood and birth,respectively.53.69%(647/1205)of participants correctly identified the primary transmission methods of hepatitis B including sexual intercourse,blood transmission,and birth.WeChat and smart phone applications(APP)were the primary methods through which participants under the age of 18-45 years access to health-related information,while television and radio broadcast were the primary methods for participants aged>45 to 59 years.Only 12.81%(103/804)of participants reported attending community healthrelated workshops and seminars.Conclusions The health status,health behavior,health knowledge and access methods of community residents in Dongmen Street,Luohu District,Shenzhen need to improve.It is necessary to continue to develop targeted,continuous,and comprehensive community health education program for residents’health status,health needs,and access to health information.