2019-2020年丹东市流行性感冒监测结果分析

Analysis of monitoring results influenza epidemic in Dandong from 2019 to 2020

目的流行性感冒(简称流感)监测是应对流感大流行的基础。本研究通过对丹东市2019-2020年流感监测结果分析,了解流感流行情况及流感毒株的型别分布,为流感防治工作提供科学依据。方法对2019-04-01-2020-03-31丹东市2所国家级流感监测哨点医院(丹东市妇女儿童医院和东港中心医院)报告的ILI、ILI%和实验室病原学检测数据进行分析整理,同时对采集到的流感样病例(influenza-like cases,ILI)标本进行实时荧光定量核酸检测,并对阳性样品进行狗肾细胞(MDCK)分离鉴定。结果丹东市哨点医院共监测ILI病例8120例,占门急诊就诊病例总数的百分比(ILI%)为3.16%,其中2020年2-3月的占比最高,分别为8.15%与8.56%。哨点医院采集咽拭子标本共1349份,其中核酸检测阳性151份(新H1N1亚型15份、H3N2亚型101份、BV亚型22份及BY亚型13份),核酸阳性率为11.19%。各年龄组均有ILI病例报告,以<15岁儿童为主,其中0~<5岁ILI%为43.40%,5~<15岁为35.33%,15~<25岁为6.56%,25~<60岁为7.93%,≥60岁ILI%为6.77%。核酸阳性率以5~<15岁最高,为14.09%,其次0~<5岁为9.50%,其余年龄组(15~<25岁、25~<60岁和≥60岁)均为0,差异有统计学意义,χ2=7.05,P<0.05。结论2019-2020年丹东市流感病例分布集中在春冬季节,流行株交替出现。流感易感人群广泛,主要以<15岁学龄儿童为主。

Objective Influenza surveillance is the basis of influenza pandemic response.By analyzing the surveillance results of influenza in Dandong City from 2019 to 2020,the epidemic situation of influenza and the distribution of influenza strains were understood,so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of influenza.Methods Data of ILI,ILI%and laboratory aetiology were analyzed from 2 national influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Dandong City from April 1,2019 to March 31,2020.Meanwhile,real-time fluorescence quantitative nucleic acid test was conducted on samples of influenza-like cases(ILI for short),and madin-darby canine kidney(MDCK)isolation and identification were performed on positive samples.Results A total of 8120 ILI cases were monitored in sentinel hospitals of Dandong City,accounting for 3.16%of the total number of outpatient and emergency cases(ILI%),of which the highest proportion was 8.15%and 8.56%in February and March of 2020,respectively.A total of 1349 throat swabs were collected in sentinel hospitals,among which 151 were positive for nucleic acid detection(15 for new H1 N1 subtype,101 for H3 N2 subtype,22 for BV subtype,and 13 for BY subtype),with a nucleic acid positive rate of 11.19%.ILI cases were reported in all age groups,mainly in children<15 years old.The ILI%of 0-<5 years old was 43.40%,the ILI%of 5-<15 years old was 35.33%,the ILI%of 15-<25 years old was 6.56%,the ILI%of 25-<60 years old was 7.93%,and the ILI%of≥60 years old was 6.77%.The highest nucleic acid positive rate was 14.09%at 5-<15 years old,followed by 9.50%at 0-<5 years old,and 0.00%at other ages(15-<25 years old,25-<60 years old and≥60 years old),the difference was statistically significant(χ2=7.05,P<0.05).Conclusion In 2019-2020 monitoring year,influenza cases in Dandong City were concentrated in spring and winter festivals,and epidemic strains appeared alternately.Influenza susceptible to a wide range of people,mainly schoolchildren under 15 years of age.