老年人意外伤害住院患者特征分析

Analysis of characteristics of elderly inpatients with accidental injury

目的探讨老年人意外伤害住院患者特征及主要危险因素,为老年人意外伤害预防控制提供科学依据。方法采用国际疾病分类标准编码(ICD-10),对遵义医科大学附属医院2015年1月-12月收治的因意外伤害住院的1205例老年患者特征进行分析。结果1205例患者中,伤害原因前3位依次为跌倒/坠落733例(60.83%)、交通伤害200例(16.60%)和钝器伤153例(12.59%);不同伤害原因年龄段间构成比较,差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=25.458,P=0.030。伤害部位前3位依次为下肢(26.47%)、头部(24.81%)和上肢(11.70%),不同伤害部位年龄段构成比较,差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=73.773,P<0.001。3种主要伤害原因的损伤部位构成比较,差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=1875.498,P<0.001。全部伤害平均住院天数为(13.90±17.44)d,平均住院费用为(31824.52±49079.54)元。全部伤害的治愈及好转构成比为95.02%,伤害部位为头部的未愈人数为28例,占全部伤害未愈人数的50%;伤害部位为头部的死亡人数为4例,占全部伤害死亡人数的100%。不同伤害部位治疗结局构成比较,差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=55.564,P=0.008。结论跌倒/坠落为老年人意外伤害的主要原因,老年人伤害原因和部位具有人群特殊性,提示应针对老年人身心需求,构建意外伤害防护方案,最大化降低老年人意外伤害发生率。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of elderly inpatients for accidental injury in a hospital in order to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of accidental injury among the elderly.Methods Using international classification of diseases 10(ICD-10),the characteristics of elderly patients with accidental injury admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from January to December 2015 were analyzed.Results A total of 1205 cases were collected.The top three injury causes were 733 cases(60.83%)of falls,200 cases(16.60%)of traffic injuries and153 cases(12.59%)of blunt injuries.There were statistically significant differences in the age groups of different injury causes,χ^(2)=25.458,P=0.030.The top three injury sites were 26.47%in lower limb,24.81%in head and 11.70%in upper limb.There was significant difference in age composition of different injury sites,χ^(2)=73.773,P<0.001.There were significant differences in the composition of injury sites among the three main injury causes,χ^(2)=1875.498,P<0.001.The average length of stay was(13.90±17.44)days and the average cost was(31824.52±49079.54)yuan.The constituent ratio of cure and improvement of all injuries was 95.02%.28 cases with head injuries were not cured,accounting for 50%of all injuries.The number of deaths with head injuries was 4 cases,accounting for 100%of all injuries.There were significant differences in the composition of treatment outcomes among different injury sites,χ^(2)=55.564,P=0.008.Conclusions Fall is the main cause of accidental injury in the elderly,and the cause and location of the injury have the particularity of the population.It is suggested that the prevention scheme of accidental injury should be constructed according to the physical and mental needs of the elderly,so as to minimize the incidence of accidental injury in the elderly.