本溪市中小学生在校行为及学校环境对心理健康影响

Influence of primary and secondary school students’ behavior and school environment on mental health in Benxi City

目的中小学阶段是个体身心发展的加速期,该阶段身心发展不平衡,将使中小学生面临种种心理危机,出现心理及行为问题。本研究探讨本溪市中小学生心理健康现状及心理健康影响因素,为制定切实可行的健康教育与健康促进方案提供参考。方法从本溪市四区两县(明山区、平山区、溪湖区、南芬区、本溪县和桓仁县)106所中小学校中抽取6980名(占全市中小学生比例为9.04%)中小学生作为研究对象。发放《中小学生心理健康量表(MHT)》及自行设计的调查问卷,总结分析中小学生健康行为和心理健康影响因素。结果6980名学生均选择了在校行为与学校环境相关因素为心理健康影响因素。影响心理健康的在校行为因素为逃学(t=20.727,P<0.001)、考试不及格(t=25.603,P<0.001)、学习欲望不强(t=42.108,P<0.001)、老师与同学之间未互相尊重(t=28.572,P<0.001)及未参与集体活动(t=12.086,P<0.001)。影响心理健康的学校环境因素为感觉在校生活差(t=45.870,P<0.001)、受同学暴力威胁(t=16.687,P<0.001)、教室环境较差(t=39.228,P<0.001)、接受心理教育(t=30.047,P<0.001)及教师未让学生免受冷落(t=26.254,P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,在校生活、同学暴力、学习欲望、集体活动及互相尊重对中小学生心理健康有影响,均P<0.001。结论在校行为和学校环境是影响中小学生心理健康的重要因素,应结合实际改善学校环境并加强心理健康教育,提高学生的心理健康、促进健康成长。

OBJECTIVE The primary and secondary school stage is the accelerated period of individual physical and mental development and the period is also unbalanced,which will make primary and secondary school students face various psychological crises and psychological and behavioral problems.This study explored the mental health status and mental health factors of primary and secondary school students in Benxi City to provide reference for the formulation of practical health education and health promotion programs.METHODS Totally 6980 primary and secondary school students(9.04 percent of the city’s primary and secondary school students)were selected from 106 primary and secondary schools in the four districts and two counties of Benxi City(Mingshan District,Pingshan District,Xihu District,Nanfen District,Benxi County,Huanren County).The Mental Health Scale(MHT)of Primary and Secondary School Students and self-designed questionnaires were distributed to summarize and analyze the factors affecting the health behavior and mental health of primary and secondary school students.RESULTS 6980 students chose the factors related to school behavior and school environment as the factors of mental health.The behavior factors affecting mentalhealth in school were trute(t=20.727,P<0.001),failure of the examination(t=25.603,P<0.001),and poor desire to learn(t=42.108,P<0.001),no mutual respect between teachers and classmates(t=28.572,P<0.001)and non-participation in group activities(t=12.086,P<0.001).The school environmental factors affecting mental health were feeling poor in school life(t=45.870,P<0.001),threats of violence by classmates(t=16.687,P<0.001),poor classroom environment(t=39.228,P<0.001),psychological education(t=30.047,P<0.001)and teachers did not protect students from being ignored(t=26.254,P<0.001).The results of multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that school life,student violence,learning desire,collective activities,mutual respect had an impact on the mental health of primary and secondary school students,P<0.001(statistically significant).CONCLUSION School behavior and school environment are important factors affecting the mental health of primary and secondary school students.