兰州市社区空巢老人生活质量及其影响因素调查分析

Analysis on the quality of life and its influencing factors of empty nest elderly in Lanzhou City

目的随着我国人口老龄化进程加快,空巢问题日益突出,空巢老人作为社会弱势群体,生活质量容易受到较多因素影响。本研究旨在分析兰州市社区空巢老人生活质量及其影响因素,为制定干预策略和提高空巢老人生活质量提供依据。方法2014-06-2014-12采取多阶段抽样方法抽取兰州市社区空巢老人(376名)和非空巢老人(232名)共608名,采用社会支持量表(social support revalued scale,SSRS)、简易应对方式问卷(simplified coping style questionnaire,SCSQ)、老年抑郁量表(geriatric depression scale,GDS)及生活质量评价量表(short from 36questionnaire,SF-36)进行问卷调查。结果兰州市社区空巢老人社会支持得分为(31.89±6.90)分,低于非空巢老人的(35.42±6.29)分,t=-6.338,P=0.001;生活质量得分为(55.89±12.65)分,低于非空巢老人的(61.67±11.58)分,t=-5.65,P=0.001。单因素分析结果显示,性别(t=4.718,P<0.001)、婚姻状况(t=2.558,P=0.011)、文化程度(F=6.273,P<0.001)、医疗费用承担方式(F=7.590,P<0.001)、月收入(F=9.970,P<0.001)、主观经济自评(F=5.394,P=0.005)、喝酒(F=6.276,P=0.002)、体育锻炼(F=38.454,P<0.001)和罹患慢性疾病(F=33.806,P<0.001)为空巢老人生活质量影响因素。多元线性回归分析结果显示,经济状况越好、罹患慢性疾病越少、抑郁程度越低、积极参加体育锻炼以及拥有良好社会支持的空巢老人生活质量相对较高。结论兰州市社区空巢老人生活质量低于非空巢老人,应通过完善社区卫生服务体系、加强慢性病健康教育、营造良好社会及家庭支持系统等途径提高空巢老人的生活质量。

OBJECTIVE With the acceleration of the population aging process in our country,the problem of"empty nesting"has become increasingly prominent.As a socially vulnerable group,the quality of life of vulnerable elderly people is easily affected by many factors.The purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of life of empty nest elderly in the community of Lanzhou City and its influencing factors,and to provide a basis for formulating intervention strategies and improving the quality of life of empty nest elderly in Lanzhou.METHODS From 2014-06 to 2014-12,a multi-stage sampling method was used to extract a total of 608 empty-nest elderly(376)and non-empty-nest elderly(232)in Lanzhou community.The questionnaires included Social Support Revalued Scale(SSRS),Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ),Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS),and short from 36 questionnaire(SF-36).RESULTS The social support score of the empty nest elderly in Lanzhou community was(31.89±6.90)points,which was lower than that of the non-empty nest group(35.42±6.29)points,t=-6.338,P=0.001.The quality of life score was(55.89±12.65)points,which was lower than that of non-empty nest group(61.67±11.58)points,t=-5.65,P=0.001.Univariate analysis showed that gender(t=4.718,P<0.001),marital status(t=2.558,P=0.011),education level(F=6.273,P<0.001),and medical expenses(F=7.590,P<0.001),monthly income(F=9.970,P<0.001),subjective economic self-evaluation(F=5.394,P=0.005),drinking(F=6.276,P=0.002),physical exercise(F=38.454,P<0.001)and chronic diseases(F=33.806,P<0.001)are the influencing factors of the quality of life of empty nest elderlyin Lanzhou community.Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the higher economic level,the less chronic diseases,the lower the depression,the active participation in physical exercise and the good social support in Lanzhou community,the quality of life of the empty nest elderly is relatively high.CONCLUSIONS The quality of life of empty nest elderly in Lanzhou community is obviously lower than that of non-empty nest elderly.Related departments should improve the empty nest elderly in Lanzhou community by improving the community health service system,strengthening health education for chronic diseases,and creating a good social and family support system Quality of life.