深圳市社区常住老年人生命质量及影响因素分析

Quality of life and influencing factors among the elderly in communities of Shenzhen City

目的我国已进入老龄化社会,提高老年人生命质量对减轻老龄化带来的社会负担尤为重要。本研究探讨深圳市常住社区老年人健康相关生命质量及影响因素,为提高老年人生命质量提供参考依据。方法采用SF-36简明健康调查表(the MOS item short from health survey,SF-36)于2017-12-01-2018-01-31对深圳市2个街道5家社区健康服务中心登记免费体检或流感疫苗接种的583名老年人进行问卷调查,评估其生命质量。结果深圳市583名常住社区老年人SF-36各维度得分为由高到低依次为情感角色(82.44±32.91)分、躯体角色(80.96±32.57)分、躯体功能(80.39±17.91)分、社会功能(76.74±19.95)分、心理健康(73.00±15.69)分、生命活力(72.47±15.33)分、肌体疼痛(70.72±18.63)分和一般健康状况(59.07±14.71)分。多因素分析结果显示,年龄越大,生命质量得分越低,t=-5.228,P<0.001;不同性别差异无统计学意义,t=-1.899,P=0.058;老年人大专及以上文化程度生命质量得分较高,差异有统计学意义,t=2.892,P=0.004。患有慢性病的老年人生命质量较低,t=-3.749,P<0.001。接受健康教育生活方式指导的老年人得分较高,t=-5.070,P<0.001。结论年龄、文化程度和是否患慢性病是深圳社区老年人生命质量的主要影响因素,开展健康教育生活方式指导可提高老年人的生命质量。

OBJECTIVE China has become an aging society in which improving the life quality of aged people is important to reducing the social burden of aging.This study aims to evaluate the quality of life and its influencing factors among the elderly in communities of Shenzhen City,and to provide references for improving quality of life of the elderly.METHODS The SF-36 was used to investigate 583 elderly people registered for free physical examination or influenza vaccination in 5 community health service centers in two streets of Shenzhen from December 1,2017 to January 31,2018.Their quality of life was evaluated.RESULTS The scores of eight sections evaluated by SF-36 in the elderly rowed from high to low in order:role-emotional(82.44±32.91),role-physical(80.96±32.57),physical function(80.39±17.91),social function(76.74±19.95),mental health(73.00±15.69),vitality(72.47±15.33),bodily pain(70.72±18.63)and general health(59.07±14.71).Stepwise logistic regression shows that the older the age,the lower the scores,t=-5.228,P<0.001.There’s no significant difference between males and females,t=-1.899,P=0.058.Elderly with higher educational level scored higher,t=2.892,P=0.004,while elderly with chronic diseases scored lower,t=-3.749,P<0.001.Elderly who got health education and lifestyle guidance also scored higher,t=-5.070,P<0.001.CONCLUSION Age,education level and chronic diseases were important factors influencing quality of life among elderly in communities of Shenzhen City.Health education and lifestyle guidance may improve their quality of life.