新入职消防员心理健康服务需求分析及心理训练与服务体系构建

The Need Analysis of Mental Health Service and Construction of Psychological Training and Service System for New Firefighters

本文采用问卷调查新入职消防员的心理健康服务需求的特点,并结合消防队伍救援工作实际,探索新入职消防员的心理训练与服务体系建设的对策与建议。结果发现,新入职消防员心理健康服务的需求强度较低,81.3%的受访消防员希望能有固定机构提供专业服务,其中最受认可的是学校心理健康服务机构,且在接受服务时更愿意选择面对面线下服务方式;他们寻求心理帮助的首选对象是父母和家人,比较关心的心理健康问题是身心管理、人际关系和身体发育与适应问题。基于调查结果和消防队伍工作实际,提出构建由“常规心理训练与服务体系”和“灾害心理援助训练与服务体系”组成的新入职消防员“两翼驱动”心理训练与服务体系,以整合消防队伍内外的专业资源,做好救援前的心理训练与服务、救援中的心理危机干预和救援后的心理恢复与疏导。

This study investigates the characteristics of themental-healthservice needs(MHSD)among new firefighters through questionnaire survey,in order to construct a psychological training and service system suitable for new firefighters combing with the actual rescue work.The results showed that the intensity of MHSD among new firefighters was low,and that 81.3%firefighters required professional services provided by regular professional institutions,while the most recognized institutions was the school mental health service organizations.In addition,the firefighters are more willing to choose face-to-face offline services.The priority for them to seek psychological help is their parents and family members,and the mental health problems they are more concerned about are physical and mental management,interpersonal relationship,physical development and adaptation.Based on the investigation results and the actual work of the fire team,it is proposed to construct a“Two-Wing Drive”psychological training and service system for new firefighters,including a“The Routine Psychological Training and Service System”and a“The Disaster Psychological Assistance Training and Service System”,to integrate professional resources inside and outside the fire force.This system will probably implement excellent psychological training and service before rescue,psychological crisis intervention in rescue,and psychological recovery and guidance after rescue.