基于社区的哀伤辅导研究进展

Research Progress in Community-Based Grief Counselling

丧亲研究距今已有百余年历史,哀伤辅导成为当前重要的研究和实践主题之一。基于社区的哀伤辅导为实现哀伤辅导的可及性和个性化提供了新的工作模式。本文重点总结了社区哀伤辅导中的主要模式及作用机制,梳理了针对哀伤辅导工作者的研究,系统介绍了社区哀伤辅导对不同服务对象,以及在不同社区中的实践,包括医院社区、学校社区、虚拟社区、低收入社区和移民社区,并指出社区哀伤辅导未来发展方向。首先,应结合国外社区哀伤辅导经验和我国文化与经济背景构建社区哀伤辅导体系并运用于实践;其次,结合已有的研究成果培养社区哀伤辅导工作者以保证干预效果;最后,继续对社区丧亲展开更深入的研究,为制定相应的政策支持社区哀伤辅导服务体系建设助力。

Bereavement research has a history of more than 100 years,and grief counseling has become an important research and practice.A new model of community-based grief counseling realizes the accessibility and individualization of the work.This paper focuses on the main models and mechanisms of community grief counseling and sorts out the difficulties and competence of grief counseling workers.The community-based grief counseling system introduces the practice of different service objects and communities,including hospitals,schools,virtual,low-income,and immigrant communities.Future research should first combine the experience of foreign community grief counseling with Chinese people’s cultural and economic background and construct a community grief counseling system and apply it to practice.Secondly,we should train community grief counselors to achieve a more stable intervention effect based on the existing research results.Finally,further researches on community bereavement should be carried out to help formulate appropriate policies to support the construction of a community-based grief counseling service system.