农村留守老人的孤独感诱因及其社区干预的扎根理论研究

The Cause of Loneliness in the Left-behind Elderly in Rural Areas and Community Intervention——An Analysis Based on Grounded Theory

为寻找农村留守老人孤独感的诱因及其缓解方式,本研究采用扎根理论对21名农村留守老人孤独感的诱发因素进行了分析。根据已有文献,自行编制了半结构式访谈提纲对留守老人进行深度访谈,最终从原始资料中归纳出了37个概念、9个范畴。通过深入分析9个范畴,最终梳理出影响留守老人孤独感的内部诱因和外部诱因这两大主范畴。其中,内部诱因包括个人需要、个人特质、自我观念,外部诱因包括人际关系、生活状态、经济状况、身体状况、日常生活、政策保障。内外部诱因各自关联着其他若干个因素,共同影响着农村留守老人的孤独感。基于此,提出减少农村留守老人孤独感的社区干预建议:确立农村社区功能定位,加强农村养老服务保障;依托农村社区互助组织,重新构建家庭伦理秩序。

This study aims at finding causes that affect the loneliness of the left-behind elderly and measures to alleviate loneliness.Twenty-one left-behind elderly were selected as interviewees by using grounded theory and purposeful samplings.Based on a thorough literature review,this study worked out the outline of semi-structured interview,adopted the open questions,carried on the semi-structured in-depth interview,and finally summed up thirty-seven concepts and nine categories from the original data.Through the in-depth analysis of nine categories,finally the internal and external factors of the two main categories were found.Among them,the internal factors include personal needs,characteristics,and self-concept,while the external factors include policy security,economic status,physical conditions,social relations,interpersonal communication,and daily life.The internal and external factors are respectively related to several other factors,which combine to affect the loneliness of the left-behind elderly.Through analyzing the causes that affect the loneliness of the left-behind elderly,this paper puts forward the following suggestions to alleviate the loneliness of the left-behind elderly:establish the function of rural communities,strengthen the guarantee of rural elderly care services;rely on mutual assistance organizations in rural communities and rebuild the family ethical order.