2020年北京市市售陶瓷餐具21种元素迁移量检测结果分析

Analysis of the Detection Results of 21 Elements Migration of Ceramic Tableware Sold in Beijing in 2020

目的:调查分析北京市市售陶瓷餐具中锂、铝、钒等21种元素含量,为相关机构制定卫生标准提供科学依据。方法:定点采集了北京市东城区、通州区、顺义区、大兴区和石景山区5个区市场上的陶瓷餐具,每个区采样10件。样品经过前处理后,使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行元素测定。结果:白釉面陶瓷餐具和粗陶餐具元素迁移量检出率最高的元素都是铝,分别是76.7%和75.0%,差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。两类陶瓷餐具中粗陶餐具锂、铬、锰、钡、镁、铁、钛、钴、镓和锶的检出率高于白釉陶瓷餐具,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两类陶瓷餐具铝、铜、铅和锌元素的检出率差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:目前北京市市售陶瓷餐具中锂、铝、钒等21种元素迁移量检出浓度较低,这些元素中铝元素的检出率和检出浓度相对较高,铅、锰、铜等元素也有检出。总体来说粗陶餐具的元素迁移量高于白釉面陶瓷餐具。相关部门应该重视陶瓷餐具对人体健康的影响,及时制定各有害元素的迁移量限值标准,并加强监管。

Objective:To investigate and analyze the contents of 21 elements such as lithium,aluminum,and vanadium in the ceramic tableware sold in Beijing,so as to provide scientific basis for relevant institutions to formulate sanitary standards.Method:Ceramic tableware was collected from the market in 5 districts of Beijing,Dongcheng District,Tongzhou District,Shunyi District,Daxing District,and Shijingshan District,and sampled 10 pieces in each district.After the sample is pre-treated,the element is determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Result:The elements with the highest detection rate of element migration in white glazed ceramic tableware and coarse pottery tableware were aluminum,which were 76.7%and 75.0%,respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).In the two types of ceramic tableware,the coarse pottery tableware is lithium,chromium,manganese,barium,magnesium,iron,titanium,cobalt,gallium and strontium was higher than that of white-glazed ceramic tableware,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the detection rates of aluminum,copper,lead and zinc between the two types of ceramic tableware(P>0.05).Conclusion:At present,the detected concentrations of 21 elements such as lithium,aluminum,and vanadium in the ceramic tableware sold in Beijing are relatively low.Among these elements,the detection rate and concentration of aluminum are relatively high,and elements such as lead,manganese,and copper are also detected.Generally speaking,the element migration of coarse pottery tableware is higher than that of white glazed ceramic tableware.Relevant departments should pay attention to the impact of ceramic tableware on human health,formulate the limit standards for the migration of various harmful elements in a timely manner,and strengthen supervision.