论共享平台的发展偏差与分类矫治

On the Developing Deviation and Classified Correction of Sharing Platform

作为共享经济的运行枢纽,各共享平台自身定位的不同决定了共享经济经营模式的差异。以"滴滴""爱彼迎""ofo小黄车""Go Fun出行"的用户协议为分析样本,将共享平台区分为互利型共享与经营型共享。共享经济具有天然的拜物教性质,令共享平台从原本应有的创新、创业导向偏移至逐利、套利导向。为矫治这一偏差,既有的定制式方案、立法式方案、试验式方案、双轨制方案、市场式方案等均难以兼顾有效性、可行性、经济性与灵活性,且不能区分不同的共享平台适用与之相匹配的方案。为兼顾共享经济产业发展需求与利益相关者合法利益,互利型共享平台可考虑对其适用基于数据协议的平台赋能式规制方案,经营型共享平台可考虑对其适用基于BOT协议的两权分离式规制方案。

As the operation hub of the sharing economy,the different positioning of each sharing platform determines the difference of their operation modes.Based on the user agreements of"Di Di","Airbnb","ofo"and"GoFun",the sharing platform can be classified into Mutual-Benefit Sharing Platform and Managing-Only Sharing Platform.Sharing economy is featured with fetishism,which has deviated the sharing platform from innovation-oriented and entrepreneurship-oriented direction to profit-seeking and arbitrage-seeking direction.To correct this deviation,the existed customized scheme,legislation scheme,experimental scheme,dual-track scheme,and marketization scheme can hardly satisfy criterion of effectiveness,feasibility,economy and flexibility simultaneously,let alone applying different schemes to different sharing platform.In order to take into account the development needs of the sharing economy industry as well as the legitimate interests of stakeholders,it is advisable to apply the platform-enabling scheme,which is based on data protocol,to Mutual-Benefit Sharing Platform,and it is advisable to apply the separation of two rights scheme,which is derived upon BOT agreement,to Managing-Only Sharing Platform.