《四库全书总目》道学与文章关系述论

The Relation Between Neo-Confucianism and Writing of Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu

《四库全书总目》作为清代最重要的官修目录,其集部关于道学与文章的相关论述,是《四库全书总目》文章观的集中体现,对于考察清中期的官方文章思想具有重要的参考价值。面对宋代以来道学对文章的影响——“谈理”与“论文”的分立,《四库全书总目》认为谈理之诗文与谈理之总集应别为一派。但是,文章自有源流正变,而非仅限于一律,辞藻与义理亦不能偏废其一,因此道学之儒与文章之士各明一义,道学之文与文士之文各有所胜,不必以一格绳古人。另外,“各明一义,未害同归”,不拘守于一端,才能见“衡鉴之至精”,故而《四库全书总目》主张在“各明一义”的基础上“务归中道”,以“辞雅理正”之文章观为依归。

As the most important official catalogue of Qing Dynasty,the related treatises on Neo-Confucianism and writing in the collection of Si Ku.Quan Shu Zong Mu are the concentrated embodiment of the writing view of Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu,which have important reference value for the investigation of the official writing thoughts in the middle period of Qing Dynasty.In the face of the influence of Neo-Confucianism on writing since the Song Dynasty,and the separation of“Principle”and“Rhetoric”,Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu holds that the schools of writings and general collections which emphasis on principle are different.However,writing has its own rules,rather than being limited to the same,and both principle and rhetoric cannot be neglected.The Confucian and literati have their own domain,and the writings of Neo-Confucianism and the literati have their own advantages.There is no need to judge the ancients by one standard.Moreover,“each understands one principledoes not affect the same goal”,only when we do not stick to one end,we can see the essence of“balancing”.Therefore,Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu advocates that on the basis of“each understands one principle”,we should“return to the middle way”and take the writing view of“elegance and rightness”as our goal.