戴复古“江西重婚案”与四库馆臣求实精神

Dai Fugu’s"Jiangxi Bigamy Case"and the Truth-seeking Spirit of the Officials in the Institute of Si Ku Quan Shu

陶宗仪《辍耕录·贤烈》这则记述戴复古“江西武宁重婚”的笔记,古今文献转述、传播和月旦者甚多,可谓流传久远,异见迭出。关于其内容的真实性,大略言之,约有“肯定说”“否定说”“存疑说”三种。“肯定说”者人数最多,但他们所持的理由,大都出于推测或误解,缺乏南宋原始文献和戴复古人生经历的实证依据。“否定说”者坚信戴氏不可能“重婚”,观点鲜明,但人数颇少,提供的依据亦有疏漏或不实之处。比较而言,当以四库馆臣的“存疑说”持论较为冷静客观,富有求实精神。而倘若跳出惯常的单向思维,视这则记载乃一篇微型小说,还其笔记小说体的本来面目,则又会是另一种认识和理解了。这就需要将真实的历史人物与文学作品同名的人物形象区别,不宜混为一谈,不然,有可能出现真伪莫辨,甚至造成冤假错案。

Tao Zongyi’s Lot of Discontinued Farming·sage described Dai Fugu’s"Bigamy in Wuning,Jiangxi".Many ancient and modern documents have been reported,disseminated,and read.It can be said that it has been circulating for a long time and dissent.Roughly speaking,there are three types:"affirmative","negative"and"doubtful".Among the three choices,the number of people who"affirmative"is the largest.but most of the reasons they hold are based on speculation or misunderstanding,and lack the empirical evidence of the original Southern Song literature and Dai Fugu’s life experience.The"negatives"firmly believe that Dai’s"bigamy"is impossible,with clear views and a small number of people.There are omissions or inaccuracies in the existing evidence.Comparatively speaking,the"doubtful theor"of the officials in the Institute of Si Ku Quan Shu is more calm and objective,and full of realistic spirit.If you jump out of the usual one-way thinking,regard this record as a micro-fiction,and return the original face of the notebook fiction,we will have another kind of cognition and understanding.This requires the real historical figures and literary works of the same character image to be treated differently,should not be confused,otherwise,there may be consequences of indistinguishable authenticity and even unjust,false,and wrong cases.