龙门石窟奉先寺水害治理研究

Research on Water Damage Control at Fengxian Temple in the Longmen Grottoes

在长期的地质营力作用下,奉先寺产生了较为严重的地质病害。由于裂隙和岩溶发育,奉先寺渗水病害逐渐加剧,渗水直接冲蚀造像本体,严重威胁石刻安全。采用地质雷达探测、红外热成像探测和钻孔压水试验,查明了渗水来源,结合壁面渗水特征探讨了奉先寺大气降水渗流模式。保留并利用神仙洞原有排水系统,以截、堵、排相结合的治水理念为指导,采取了裂隙封堵、砌筑排水沟、滴水檐和挡水埂等治理措施,形成完整的防排水体系,取得较好的治理效果。本研究旨在为今后龙门石窟洞窟水害治理提供指导。

Under the long-term effect of geological forces,serious geological deterioration has appeared at Fengxian Temple(Fengxiansi Cave)in the Longmen Grottoes.Due to the development of several cracks and karsts,the deterioration caused by water seepage at the site has gradually intensified,eventually leading to the direct erosion of the statues in the temple and seriously threatening the safety of the stone carvings.This study has identified the sources of water seepage by utilizing geological radar detection,infrared thermal imaging detection and water drilling pressure tests,to understand the characteristics of the wall seepage and the seepage mode of atmospheric precipitation.Based on the results,this study proposes a complete water prevention and drainage system that utilizes the original drainage system of the Shenxian Cave site under the guidance of an irrigation philosophy that combines the various measures of cutting,blocking,and discharging,and by filling in cracks,building drainage ditches,and constructing eaves and diversion channels.This study will play a guiding role in the future control and prevention of waterdamage at the Longmen Grottoes.