浙江省石窟造像水害及其治理

An Overview of the Water Damage in the Cave Temples and Cliff Carvings of Zhejiang Province

浙江省拥有数量丰富、价值突出的石窟寺与摩崖造像资源。受自然地理环境的影响,这些石窟造像普遍存在水害现象,其中以面流水、裂隙渗水为主,给文物本体安全和价值造成了巨大威胁。近年来,以飞来峰造像为代表的一批重点石窟造像先后通过裂隙灌浆封堵、地表防渗处理、增加导排水设施、建造保护性建筑、表面封护等多种技术手段实施了保护工程,取得了良好的水害防治效果。由于水害治理工作的复杂性,加强前期勘察研究、构建预防性保护体系、开展关键技术研究等,对于石窟造像的科学长效保护具有积极意义。

Zhejiang province has a large number of cave temples and cliff carvings that are of outstanding cultural value.Because of the natural geography and climate of the region,many of these sites suffer from water damage that is mainly caused by surfacewater flow and fissure seepage,which severely threatens the safety and value of these cultural relics.In recent years,conservation projects for a number of key cave temples and cliff carvings have been carried out by applying grouting to fissures,controlling surface seepage,increasing irrigation installations,constructing protective eaves,and sealing surfaces.The results,of which a representative case is the Feilaifeng Statuessite,have proven to be highly effective.Due to the complexity of treating water damage,it is crucial to the long-term conservation ofthese sites that further research is done on key conservation technologies,and that a scientific preventative conservation system is developed.