甘肃武威慕容智墓出土彩绘骑马俑地保护修复

Conservation and Restoration of the Painted Rider Figurines Unearthed from the Tomb of Murong Zhi in Wuwei,Gansu

甘肃武威岔山村慕容智墓是迄今为止发现最完整的吐谷浑王族墓葬,墓葬出土有31件彩绘骑马俑,其色彩艳丽,造型各异,具有极高的艺术文化价值。由于受埋藏环境、制作工艺、保存环境、人为等因素的影响,彩绘骑马俑已严重破损,故需尽快对该批彩绘骑马俑进行保护修复。使用探伤仪、扫描电镜、色差仪、压汞仪等仪器,对文物表面病害,内部结构进行了表征,通过文献调研与实验研究确定修复材料及修复步骤。结果表明使用去离子水、2A(去离子水:无水乙醇=1∶1)、3A(去离子水:无水乙醇:丙酮=1∶1∶1)作为清洗材料,2%Paraloid B72(乙酸乙酯为溶剂)作为彩绘加固材料进行保护修复。彩绘骑马俑强度得到了提高,内部结构未发生明显变化,文物表面彩绘颜色外观未发生明显变化,达到了预期保护目标。

The tomb of Murong Zhi in Chashan Village,Wuwei City,Gansu Province is the most complete Tuyuhun royal tomb ever discovered.Thirty-one painted figures on horseback rendered in various colors and postures have been unearthed that are of extremely high artistic and cultural value.However,many of the figurines have been seriously damaged due to the effects of the burial environment,the production techniques used to create them,the later preservation environment,and human activities throughout history.The surface deterioration and internal structure of these relics have been analyzed using flaw detection technology,scanning electron microscopy,color difference meter,and mercury intrusion meter,and a set of repair materials and procedures have been determined through experimentation and textual research.The results show that deionized water,2A(deionized water:anhydrous ethanol=1∶1)and 3A(deionized water:anhydrous ethanol:acetone=1∶1∶1)are suitable cleaning materials;and that 2%Paraloid B72(ethyl acetate as solvent)is an effective reinforcement material useful for the preservation and restoration of the painted horseback figurines.Repair carried out according to the above steps has greatly improved the structural integrity of the relics,while the internal structure and the surface color and appearance have not been changed.