敦煌壁画数字图像彩色复原方法研究——以莫高窟第220窟北壁剥落的表层壁画为例

Research on Color Restoration Methods for the Digital Images of Dunhuang Wall Paintings——A Case Study of the Wall Paintings with Exfoliated Surfaces on the North Wall of Mogao Cave 220

1900年,莫高窟藏经洞被发现,备受世界瞩目,各国探险家、学者纷至沓来,用各自的手段获取了莫高窟文物信息。其中一部分人使用当时先进的照相机,拍摄了一批莫高窟早期影像,这些珍贵的影像记录了当时莫高窟的现状,包括部分目前已经不存在的壁画图像,为莫高窟的保护研究提供了珍贵的史料。为了能够还原破损或者剥落的壁画,本文基于海量的数字资源和计算机图像处理技术,以罗寄梅夫妇于1943年到莫高窟拍摄的第220窟北壁壁画黑白图像为例,进行色彩和内容的复原,再现被剥落前的精美壁画内容。并通过实践应用从中探索出适合黑白图像虚拟复原的方法和工作流程,形成一套能为敦煌学研究和敦煌石窟艺术传播提供数据支撑的成果。

The Library Cave at Mogao has attracted worldwide attention since its discovery in 1900.Explorers and scholars from many different countries came to Dunhuang over the following years in order to acquire the cultural relics and historical documents of the Mogao Caves.The earliest,and in many ways most valuable,pictures of the Mogao Caves were taken by these scholars using cameras that were considered highly advanced at the time.These photos record the condition of the Mogao Caves over a hundred years ago and even include images of murals that no longer exist,and are therefore valuable historical materials for the conservation and research of the artwork in the caves.In order to restore wall paintings that are currently cracked or peeling,this paper attempts to restore the color and contents of the black and white photos of the murals on the north wall of cave 220 taken by Luo Jimei and his wife at Mogao in 1943.Support for this project is provided by massive digital resources collected at Dunhuang over the years,and by cutting-edge computer image processing technology.Based on the practice and results of the above methodology,a detailed set of methods suitable for the virtual restoration of black and white images is also provided.It is hoped that the proposed methodology can provide data support for further research on Chinese cave art in the Dunhuang region.