甘肃武威慕容智墓出土银壶制作工艺研究

A Study on the Manufacturing Technology of a Silver Pot Unearthed from Murong Zhi’s Tomb in Wuwei,Gansu Province

甘肃省天祝县岔山村慕容智墓出土了大量的金属文物,形制多样且工艺考究。其中一件银壶(G:12)保存较为完整。为了揭示其材质和制作工艺,本文运用X射线无损探伤、便携式X射线荧光能谱分析、扫描电镜显微能谱仪、金相显微镜等仪器对其进行了科学的分析研究。研究结果表明,银壶基体银为主体元素,铜的加入可增加壶的硬度;制作工艺为先锤鍱制成银壶主体、底座、壶柄等部件,然后铆合并焊接制成,其底足与壶身的焊接使用的是银铜二元合金焊药,壶柄与壶身焊接使用了银、铜、锌三元合金焊药:形制受到了萨珊风格影响,拟推断为粟特风格银壶,这为探讨唐代细金工艺的发展、丝绸之路文化交流等领域提供了重要的参考资料。

Within the tomb of Murong Zhi,which is located in Chashan Village,Tianzhu County,Gansu Province,a large amount of exquisitely crafted gold and silver artifacts have been discovered.Among them,a silver pot of Sogdian style is particularly well preserved.This research utilized X-ray XRF,SEM-EDS,metallographic microscopes and other methods of analysis to study the material and manufacturing technology used in the creation of this relic.The results show that the pot is made of silver-copper alloy,and that the crafting process involved two procedures:making the components,including the main body,base and handle,by hammering sheets of silver;and secondly,riveting and welding the pieces together into a finished product.Furthermore,attention to the shape of the pot shows that its style was influenced by Sassanid craftsmanship,from which it can be inferred that this silver pot was made in the style of Sogdian metalwork.