陕西麟游石窟造像分期试论

The Chronology of the Caves and Images in Linyou of Shaanxi

麟游现存古代佛教艺术形式包括石窟、摩崖造像、单体铜石造像等,上自北魏,下迄清代,跨越了中国佛教艺术史的主要时期。其中的高峰期是唐高宗与武则天时期的7世纪下半叶至8世纪初,是在长安与洛阳创造的模式影响下形成的,与唐朝皇室夏宫——九成宫在麟游的兴盛有直接关系。在原长安城唐代造像缺乏的情况下,麟游的这些初唐作品又可以帮助我们反向研究当年长安一带可能出现的佛教艺术样式与风格。本文将麟游现存所有石窟与造像分为北朝、唐、宋、明、清等七个时期,在各期的实物中,我们既可以看到鲜明的时代风格,也有一些麟游地方特色,还能看到佛教艺术中国化的步步深入。

The existing ancient Buddhist art from Linyou of Shaanxi Province include grottoes,cliff statues,individual bronze and stone statues,etc.,from the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty,spanning major periods in the bistory of Chinese Buddhist art.The peak age was from the second half of the seventh century to the beginning of the eighth century during the period of Emperor Gaozong and Empress Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty.The Tang images of Linyou were produced under the influence of the capitals Chang'an and Luoyang.Because of the lack of the Tang dynasty statues from Chang'an,these Tang works of Lin You can help us to study the Buddhist art styles from Chang'an.This article focuses on the chronology of Linyou Buddhist art and divides all the existing grottoes and statues there into seven phases,including Northern Dynasty,Tang,Song,Ming,and Qing.Based on this study,we can see the period styles of the images,and some local characteristics of Linyou,as well as the increased sinicization of Buddhist art in China.