甘肃泾川南石窟寺现状调查与营造工程

An Investigation and Construction Project of the South Grottoes in Jingchuan,Gansu Province

南石窟寺始建于北魏永平三年(510年),自1925年被美国华尔纳探险队发现以来,学界研究多聚焦于1号窟造像和《南石窟寺碑》,缺乏对南石窟寺全面、系统的认识。现在经过调查已知石窟现存15个窟龛,有造像的仅有3个。在1号窟内新发现“比丘”“乾符六年”2条题记,为研究提供了新材料。除洞窟外崖面上还有排水设施、窟檐、开窟搭架遗迹、道路等,这些遗迹分布在5段斩山崖面。从石窟营造工程视角分析,石窟最初营建的只有1号窟,并以此为中心,向两边扩建,在后续营造工程中遇到了诸多困难,留下了很多未完成的窟龛。

First built in the third year of Yongping in the Northern Wei Dynasty(510),since the South Grottoes was discovered by Warner,an American expedition in 1925,it has attracted the academic world mainly for its statues in Grottoes 1 and Monument of the South Grottoes,but it is still lacking in a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the temple itself.According to the existed investigation,there are 15 niches in the temple,but only 3 of them have statues.Two inscriptions,“Biqiu(Ch.monk)”and“the 6th year of Qianfu(879)”,newly discovered in Grottoes 1 provide new materials for the study of grottoes'vendors.Besides,there are drainage facilities,roads,grotto eaves and grotto relics on the cliff face,which are distributed in 5 sections of the cliff face.From the perspective of the grotto construction project,it was aimed at building Grotto 1 at first,and later it was expanded to both sides with Cave 1 in the center,which has encountered many difficulties in the subsequent construction project and left many cave niches unfinished.