《民法典》对于《海商法》修改影响论要

Essentials on the Influence of Chinese Civil Code on the Revision of Chinese Maritime Code

《民法典》出台对于《海商法》修改的影响分为价值理念和具体规范两个层面。价值理念层面的影响主要体现在任意性规范立法理念的转向,要求《海商法》修改重视以任意性规范为主的典型合同制度的可操作性,同时也包括诉讼时效中断事由、抵押财产转让限制、格式条款法律控制等事项体现的公平、安全等法律价值。具体规范层面的影响要求《海商法》在修改时应当规定航运习惯具有海商法法源的地位,并且效力位阶后于一般民事法律,以及人身损害赔偿请求权的特别诉讼时效和诉讼外请求构成时效中断事由;抵押船舶的转让仍应以禁止为原则,同时尽量消除司法解释对于船舶所有权变动登记对抗主义的负面影响;确立预付运费的退还规则,强化海上旅客运输合同格式条款的法律控制,增设海上旅客运输合同变更的专门规定;创设船舶污染损害赔偿制度。

The influence of Chinese Civil Code on Chinese Maritime Code can be divided into two parts,value ideas and specific rules.The influence of value ideas is mainly reflected in the shift of the legislative concept of arbitrary norms,which requires the revision of Chinese Maritime Code to attach importance to the operability of typical contract legal regimes based on arbitrary norms.The influence of specific rules requires that the revision of Chinese Maritime Code should stipulate that the shipping custom has the status of the source of maritime law,and the special limitation of action of personal injury and the interruption of the limitation of action.The transfer of mortgaged ships should still be prohibited in principle.The legal control of terms and conditions of carriage of passengers by sea should be strengthened,and the return rules of advance freight and special provisions for the modification of contracts of carriage of passengers by sea should be added.A legal regime governing compensation for marine pollution from ships should be established.