约瑟之梦:菲德勒对犹太作家的原型定位与出路探讨

The Dream of Joseph:Fiedler's Discussion of Archetype and Jewish Writers

美国犹太批评家菲德勒热衷于神话原型批评,他在文章《梦的主人——非犹太世界里的犹太人》中为包括自己在内的犹太作家进行原型定位。他认为《旧约》中约瑟是所有犹太作家的原型,卡夫卡和弗洛伊德是其继任者,他们分别是“做梦者”和“解梦者”,共同定义了现代世界中的犹太作家,承担着“犹太梦想”。正如约瑟的“成功”只有父亲的同在,才会带来最终的“幸福”,犹太人只有不忘“父亲”、扎根传统,才能走向未来。菲德勒的文章是一种寓言式阐释,却试图建立古代神话与现代犹太文学意识之间的联系。

The Jewish American critic Fiedler was passionate about mythological archetype criticism.In his essay“Master of Dreams:The Jew in a Gentile World”,he defines an archetype of Jewish writers,including himself.Fiedler considered Josepb in the Old Testament the archetype of all Jewish writers,with Franz Kafka and Sigmund Freud his successors,the Dreamer and the Dream interpreter respectively,who define Jewish writers in the moderm world and inherit the“Jewish dream”.Just as Joseph's“success”can only bring eventual“happiness”with his father's involvement,only if Jews do not forget their“father”and remain rooted in tradition can they head towards the future.Fiedler's essay is an allegorical interpretation but attempts to establish a relationship between ancient mythology and modern Jewish literary consciousness.