对观福音书中耶稣比喻的结构

The Structure of the Parables of Jesus in the Synoptics

立足于对观福音书文本,通过对耶稣比喻诠释动向的反思,本文全面分析了耶稣比喻的结构特点,概括出七种模型。这些模型显示,比喻作为演讲语录,既具有灵活性,又具有模式化特征。它是由放在讲论目标旁边的叙事说理要件构成,比喻与讲论目标的关系可以用“■”(好像)/“■”(如此)这两个希腊语词来描述。以上观察为诠释耶稣比喻,进而辨明某语录是否属于比喻提供了认识框架。

Based on the texts of the Synoptic gospels and the history of the interpretation of Jesus'parables,this article analyzes thoroughly the structure of the parables and proposes seven models.These models show that parables,as a kind of quoted speech/saying,are both flexible and fixed in form.They consist of the essential narrative element placed next to the object of discourse,with the relationship between the metaphor and the object of the discourse described by the Greek terms■(as if/so).The analysis provides a framework for interpreting Jesus'parables and identifying whether a given saying is a parable.