《失乐园》中的天堂模式:从阿卡狄亚、乌托邦到共同体

Patterns of Heaven in Paradise Lost:From Arcadia and Utopia to Community

天堂是弥尔顿史诗《失乐园》的神学中心,也是弥尔顿的神圣共同体的支柱。本文从三个维度探讨《失乐园》中呈现的天堂模式,即阿卡狄亚、乌托邦和共同体。阿卡狄亚式天堂具有牧歌般的和谐融洽,乌托邦式则有着政治的、规训的特征;二者各有其优势,却也存在重大缺陷。共同体则是理想的天堂模式——对阿卡狄亚和乌托邦模式取长补短,并注入了新的成分——从而体现出共同的、有机的特色。

Heaven is the theological center of John Milton’s epic Paradise Lost and the pillar of Milton’s holy community.This paper explores the three patterns of heaven presented in Paradise Lost,that is,Acadia,utopia and community.The Acadia-style heaven possesses a pastoral harmony,and the utopian-style is characteristed by politics and discipline;both have their advantages,but also major drawbacks.Community is the ideal pattern of heaven—absorbing the merits of the other two patterns to offset its own deficiencies,and also embracing new elements—demonstrating communal,organic traits.