新疆地区输变电工程水土流失来源及其防治措施

Sources and prevention measures of soil erosion from the power transmission line project in Xinjiang Region

为了减少新疆输变电施工建设造成的水土流失,更好地保护输变电沿线区域的生态环境。以新疆750 kV工程为研究对象,结合已有文献资料和项目研究成果,分析项目水土流失的扰动范围、来源、特征、影响因素以及防治措施。结果表明:(1)新增水土流失来源分为站区、进站道路区、站外供排水设施区、站外电源线路区、施工生产生活区、塔基及施工场地区、牵张场区、跨越施工场区和施工道路区。而站区、塔基及施工场地、施工道路是输变电工程施工扰动、土石方开挖最强的区域。(2)水土流失量在不同施工时序、地貌单元、扰动分区间表现出明显差异性。相比于施工期,变电站区在自然恢复期的新增水土流失量可减少70.4%,输电线路防治区减少58.6%。山地丘陵区水土流失总防治责任范围仅占项目5.5%,而水土流失量/强度高出冲洪积平原区0.20~5.95 t/hm;。(3)输变电工程土壤侵蚀类型主要为风力侵蚀和冻融侵蚀,且地貌差异特征明显,应基于项目建设特点布设防治措施。结合新疆输变电工程的区域环境特征,须因地制宜地采取工程措施、植物措施和临时措施来减少水土流失。

In order to reduce the soil erosion caused by power transmission line project in Xinjiang, better protect the ecological environment of the region along the power transmission and transformation. Taking the 750 kV project in Xinjiang as the research object, the disturbance scope, source, characteristics, influencing factors and prevention measures of soil erosion in the project are analyzed based on the existing literature and research results. The results show that:(1) The sources of newly added soil and water loss are divided into station area, entrance road area, off-station water supply and drainage facility area, off-station power line area, construction production and living area, tower tower and construction site area, stretching site area, crossing construction site area and construction road area. The station area, tower, construction site and construction road are the strongest areas of power transmission and transformation project construction disturbance and earthwork excavation.(2) There are obvious differences in soil and water loss between different construction time series, geomorphic units and disturbance zones. Compared with the construction period, the new soil and water loss in the substation area during the natural recovery period can be reduced by 70.4%, and the transmission line control area by 58.6%.The total responsibility range of soil and water loss control in mountainous and hilly areas only accounts for 5.5% of the project, and the soil and water loss per unit area is 0.20~5.95 t/hm;higher than that in alluvial and diluvial plain.(3) The soil erosion force of the power transmission and transformation is mainly wind erosion and freezing-thawing erosion, and the geomorphological difference is obvious, so the prevention and control measures should be arranged based on the characteristics of the project construction. Considering the regional environmental characteristics of Xinjiang power transmission and transformation, engineering measures, plant measures and temporary measures should be taken according to local conditions to weaken the impact of soil erosion.