水轮机活动导叶材料与制造工艺

Material and manufacturing technology of movable guide vane of hydraulic turbine

为进一步探究水轮机导叶部件材料的选择和制造工艺的发展,一方面从导叶在水轮机组中的作用、使用工况、技术要求着手,另一方面从导叶材料的开发、研究和制造工艺技术的进步两个大的方面进行了阐述。导叶材料从最初的碳素钢、低合金钢逐步发展为普通马氏体不锈钢、低碳不锈钢直到现在的超低碳不锈钢;制造工艺也从最初的铸造一种方式发展出了锻造、焊接和电渣熔铸(ERS);不同的水力条件和项目用途决定了不同的机组形式,也决定了导叶部件不同的形状和尺寸结构;不同材料适合不同的使用工况,不同的制造工艺适合不同导叶结构和形状。用户和产品设计人员可以根据探究的结果进行导叶部件材料的选择和制造工艺的设定,研究结果可为水轮机设计和使用提供有益的参考。

In order to further explore the selection of materials and the development of manufacturing technology for turbine guide vane components,this paper expounds the function,service conditions and technical requirements of guide vane in hydraulic turbine units from two aspects:the development,research of guide vane materials and the progress of manufacturing technology.The guide vane material has gradually developed from the original carbon steel and low alloy steel to ordinary martensitic stainless steel and low carbon stainless steel until now.The manufacturing process has also developed forging,welding and electroslag casting(ERS)from the original casting method.Different materials are suitable for different working conditions,and different manufacturing processes are suitable for different guide vane structures and shapes.The research results can provide a useful reference for the selection and implementation of materials and manufacturing processes of guide vane components.