基于遥感技术的高精度土地利用的时空变化分析研究

Spatial-temporal analysis of high-precision land use based on remote sensing technology

以北京市西北涵养区为研究对象,以高分辨率Rapid Eye遥感影像为数据源,采用面向对象分类技术,解译2010年和2018年土地利用信息,所构建的土地利用分类体系包括耕地、乔木、灌木、水体、建筑物、矿石堆、砂石坑等类型,在此基础上,分析土地利用变化,识别涵养区受损生态空间分布。研究结果表明,自2010年至2018年,西北涵养区生态环境明显改善,其中水体增加33.06 km^2,矿石堆及砂石坑面积均有所降低。矿石堆较2010年减少约33.3%,主要转为灌木及乔木;砂石坑面积较2010年减少25.9%,转化为灌木、乔木及水体。灌木林受人类活动和植被系统演化的影响,面积减少显著,其中灌木林转换为建筑区的面积约为106 km^2,灌木林转换为乔木林的面积为566 km^2。通过数据分析可知,北京市西北涵养区生态环境保护工作仍需进一步加强,生态保护补偿机制需进一步健全完善。

This article takes the Northwest Conservation Area of Beijing as the research object,uses high-resolution Rapid Eye remote sensing images as the data source,and uses object-oriented classification technology to interpret the land cover information of 2010 and 2018.The land cover classification system is developed and these land covers such as cultivated land,trees,shrubs,water,buildings,mine lot and quarry are included.On this basis,it analyzed land cover changes and identified the damaged eco-logical spatial distribution in the conservation area.The research results showed that from 2010 to 2018,the ecological environment in the Northwest Conservation Area has improved markedly,with an increase of 33.06 km2 in water bodies and a reduction in the area of mine lot and quarry.The mine lot decreased by about 33.3%compared with 2010,and mainly turned into shrubs and trees;the area of mine quarry decreased by 25.9%compared with 2010,and turned into shrubs,trees and water.The area of shrubbery is significantly reduced due to human activities and the evolution of vegetation systems.The area of shrubbery converted into building area is about 106 km2,and the area of shrubbery converted into arbor forest is 566 km2.There is still a need to further strengthen and improve the compensation mechanism for ecological protection.