国外国有森林资源有偿使用典型经验及政策启示

Paid Use of State-owned Forest Resources:Foreign Experience and Policy Enlightenment

国有森林资源有偿使用是增强国有林发展动力、实现国有森林资源资产保值增值和促进林业可持续发展的有效路径。中国国有森林资源有偿使用实践已取得显著进展,但仍存在有效制度供给滞后、收益分配机制不完善、监督机制欠健全、有偿使用方式创新不足、支撑保障体系残缺等突出问题。文中以美国、德国、加拿大、俄罗斯4个典型国家为对象,梳理国有森林资源有偿使用的范围、方法、形式、管理监督及科技手段等典型经验;同时,结合我国国有森林资源有偿使用面临的突出问题,提出6点政策启示:1)出台国家层面的国有森林资源有偿使用管理办法;2)建立国有森林资源有偿使用收益分配机制;3)建设国有森林资源有偿使用数字化平台;4)拓展国有森林资源有偿使用范围,创新有偿使用方式;5)完善国有森林资源有偿使用监督机制;6)加强国有森林资源经营单位能力建设。

The paid use of state-owned forest resources is an effective way to enhance the development momentum of state-owned forests,achieve the preservation and appreciation of state-owned forest resources assets,and promote the sustainable forestry development.China has made remarkable progress in the paid use of state-owned forest resources,but is still confronted with the problems like short supply of effective systems,unsound revenue distribution mechanisms,lack of supervision mechanisms,insufficient innovation,and incomplete support and guarantee systems.In this paper,four countries including the United States,Germany,Canada and Russia are taken to summarize their experiences in the scope,method,form,management supervision and sci-tech means of the paid use of forest resources.In consideration of the prominent problems facing the paid use of state-owned forest resources in China,the paper puts forward the policy implications:1)Releasing national directives to strengthen the paid use management of state-own forest resources;2)Establishing a mechanism for the distribution of the incomes coming from the paid use of state-owned forest resources;3)Building a digital platform for the paid use of state-owned forest resources;4)Expanding the scope of the paid use of state-owned forest resources and innovate paid use methods;5)Improving the supervision mechanism for the paid use of state-owned forest resources;and 6)Developing the capacity of state-owned forest resource management units.