美国国家公园无障碍游憩发展经验及启示

Barrier-free Recreation in American National Parks:Experience and Enlightenment

国家公园具有全民公益性,保障残障人士在园内的合法权益,改善并丰富其游憩体验,既是国家公园建设发展的内在要求,也能够提高国家公园的社会效益和经济效益。文中在梳理美国国家公园无障碍游憩发展历史的基础上,从法律标准体系、管理组织机制、服务管理能力、游憩空间规划、社会文化氛围5个方面对其经验进行了归纳总结,并提出我国国家公园无障碍游憩尚处于起步探索阶段,需借鉴成熟经验并结合现实状况,在完善法律体系、提升管理服务、加强规划建设、营造社会氛围等方面进一步优化,从而构建适合我国国情的科学专业、友好包容的国家公园无障碍游憩体系。

The national park is publicly accessible as a welfare product.Protecting the legitimate rights and interests of people with disabilities and improving and diversifying their recreation experience are not only the internal requirements for the construction and development of national parks,and also the way to improve the social and economic benefits of national parks.By reviewing the development history of barrier-free recreation in American national parks,this paper summarizes its experience from the five aspects of legal standard system,organizational structure,service and management ability,recreational space planning,and social and cultural atmosphere.After analyzing the barrier-free recreation in China,it is argued that national parks in China are still in the initial stage of its exploration in barrier-free recreation,and it is necessary to learn from the mature experiences and consider the actual situation for further optimizing and improving the barrier-free recreation in national parks in terms of legal system,management and service,planning and construction,and social atmosphere.It is aimed at building a scientific,professional,user-friendly and inclusive barrier-free recreation system in national parks,which is suitable for China’s national conditions.