国际林业碳汇基金运作模式研究与启示

Operation Mode of International Forest Carbon Funds and Its Enlightenment

林业碳汇基金是国际碳金融市场重要的投融资工具,有效地促进了全球碳汇项目的开发和运作,对我国的碳达峰碳中和事业提供了重要支持。文中从其设立及管理模式、融资模式、投资模式、收益分配模式、风险控制模式5个方面整理总结国际林业碳汇基金的发展经验;分析中国林业碳汇基金发展过程中面临的制约因素,包括气候政策法规有待完善、林业碳汇行业面临的问题与挑战、基金运作模式单一、碳汇价格低廉、专业人才匮乏等;结合国际发展经验和国内制约因素,提出了促进我国林业碳汇基金发展的建议:健全气候政策法律法规、加强风险管理机制、创新基金运作模式、完善碳排放权交易市场、建立专业人才培养机制。

Forest carbon fund is an important instrument for investment and financing in the international carbon finance market,which effectively facilitates the development and operation of global carbon projects and also provides important support for China to achieve carbon peaking and neutrality.This paper summarizes the development experience of international forest carbon funds from the five aspects of establishment and management mode,financing mode,investment mode,income distribution mode and risk management mode.Then,it analyzes the factors constraining the development of China’s forest carbon funds,including unsound climate policies and regulations,problematic and challenged forestry carbon industry,less diverse modes for fund operation,low carbon price and lack of professionals.In view of the international development experience and the constraints that China faces in its forest carbon fund development,this paper puts forward the suggestions with a view to promoting the development of China’s forest carbon fund,i.e.,improving climate policy and legislation,strengthening risk management mechanism,innovating fund operation mode,improving the carbon emission trading market,and establishing the training mechanism for professionals.