小规模人工林对农户生计影响研究综述

Impacts of Small-scale Plantations on Rural Livelihood

全球林区与贫困区存在高度的空间重叠,然而已有研究对于人工林可否有效支撑林区农户生计的可持续性存在不同的观点。系统了解国内外研究中人工林对农户生计的影响及其调控因素,有助于推动人工林可持续经营及山区农户福祉提升。文中通过综述以农户家庭为单位种植、经营、管理的小规模人工林与农户生计关系的文献,分析小规模人工林对农户生计资本、生计策略和生计后果的影响;探讨人工林经营管理方式、土地政策、市场波动、城镇化和气候变化等因素对人工林与农户生计关系的调控作用;并基于以往研究构建了小规模人工林对农户生计影响的研究框架,强调未来研究应进一步聚焦于以下几个方面:基于多维福祉构建小规模人工林影响评估体系和动态作用路径,复杂变动环境下人工林系统与农户生计系统互馈机制,人工林管理多尺度调控机制,多环节的农户参与机制和生态产品价值实现路径。

There is a high degree of spatial overlap between forestry areas and poverty-stricken areas around the world.However,the research that has been done holds controversial academic views on whether planted forests can effectively support the sustainable livelihood of farmers in forest areas.A systematic understanding of the impact of planted forests on farmers’livelihoods and its regulating factors will help promote the sustainable plantation management and the well-being of farmers in mountainous areas.This paper analyzes the impacts of small-scale plantations on farmers’livelihood capitals,livelihood strategies and livelihood outcome by reviewing the literature on small-scale plantations planted and managed by smallholders and rural livelihoods,and identifies the regulating effects of plantation management methods,land policies,market volatility,urbanization and climate change on the relations between plantations and farmers’livelihoods.Based on previous studies,this paper constructs a research framework for evaluating the impact of small-scale plantations on smallholders’livelihoods.It is emphasized that the future research could further focus on the themes of impact assessment system and dynamic pathways of small-scale plantations based on multidimensional human well-being,the mutual feedback mechanism between plantation systems and farmers’livelihood systems in complex and fluctuating environments,the multi-scale regulating system of plantation management,multi-stage participation of smallholders,and the path to realize the value of ecological products.