基于肠道菌群和肠黏膜屏障探讨玉液汤防治气阴两虚证糖尿病肾病大鼠的作用研究

Exploring the Effect of Yuye Decoction on the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy Based on Intestinal Flora and Intestinal Mucosal Barrier

目的基于肠道菌群和肠黏膜屏障探讨玉液汤对气阴两虚证糖尿病肾病大鼠模型的影响。方法采用一测多评法对玉液汤冻干粉中的有效成分葛根素、芒果苷和毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷的含量进行检测,以控制玉液汤冻干粉的质量。将45只Wistar大鼠按照体质量随机分为正常组(NC组)、气阴两虚证糖尿病肾病组(M组)和玉液汤组(YYD组;5.03 g·kg^(-1))。采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)25 mg·kg^(-1),佐以附子,青皮,枳壳灌胃8周构建气阴两虚证糖尿病肾病大鼠。期间YYD组大鼠同时干预玉液汤提取物。期间分别检测一次各组大鼠每周体质量和血糖水平,并记录大鼠的体征变化、摄食量和饮水量、游泳时间以及尿量。8周后采用全自动生化仪分析大鼠血清中胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、血清肌酐(SCr)、尿氮素(BUN)水平;苏木精-伊红染色法(HE)观察肾脏和结肠组织的病理变化;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测尿液的尿蛋白浓度和血清中IgG、IgM、cAMP和cGMP的含量;16S rRNA对大鼠粪便菌群进行分析,实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)法对部分菌群进行验证;Western blot法检测大鼠肾脏及结肠炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6蛋白水平及结肠组织肠道屏障蛋白表达水平。结果玉液汤水提物冻干粉得率为27.36%,其中玉液汤中有效成分葛根素的含量为0.3496 mg·g^(-1)、芒果苷的含量为0.1851 mg·g^(-1)、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷的含量为0.0429 mg·g^(-1)。动物实验结果表明,玉液汤能显著改善气阴两虚证糖尿病肾病模型大鼠倦怠、乏力等证候表征,提高大鼠游泳时间,降低饮水量和进食量等症状;增加粪便中拟杆菌门和降低厚壁菌门的丰度;改善模型大鼠血脂四项、血糖、肾功指标、免疫指标IgG、IgM以及机体能量平衡因子cAMP、cGMP水平;HE染色表明玉液汤能显著改善模型大鼠肾脏及结肠黏膜屏障损伤;抑制肾脏及结肠炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6的表达,显著提高结肠动力蛋白CHRM3、5-HT3A以及黏膜屏障蛋白Occludin、ZO-1的表达水平。结论玉液汤可能通过纠正模型大鼠肠道菌群失调,延缓肠黏膜损伤,改善肾脏和结肠炎症,发挥防治气阴两虚证糖尿病肾病的作用。

Objective To investigate the effects of Yuye Decoction(YYD)on diabetic nephropathy(DN)rats with Qi and Yin deficiency based on intestinal flora and intestinal mucosal barrier.Methods The content of the active ingredients puerarin,mangiferin and calycosin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside in YYD freeze dried powder was tested by HPLC to control the quality of YYD freeze dried powder.Forty-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group(NC group),Qi-Yin deficiency DN group(M group)and YYD administration group(YYD group;5.03 g·kg^(-1))according to body weight.Intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin(STZ)at a dose of 25 mg·kg^(-1)were administered,accompanied by oral gavage of adix Aconiti Lateralis,Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride and Aurantii Fructus for 8 weeks to establish a Qi-Yin deficiency DN model in rats.During this period,rats in the YYD group were also treated with YYD extract.Weekly body weight and blood glucose levels were monitored for each group,along with observations of physical signs,food and water consumption,swimming time,and urine output in the rats.After 8 weeks,serum levels of cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low-density lipoprotein(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C),serum creatinine(SCr)and urinary nitrogen(BUN)were analyzed in rats using automatic biochemical analysis.Hematoxylineosin staining(HE)was used to observe the pathological changes in the kidney and colon tissues.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure urine protein concentration and serum levels of IgG,IgM,cAMP and cGMP.16SrDNA sequencing was used to sequence faecal flora and some flora were validated by quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR(qRT-PCR).Western blot method was used to measure the levels of intestinal barrier proteins and inflammatory factor proteins.Results The yield of YYD freeze-dried powder was 27.36%and the content of the active ingredients in YYD was 0.3496 mg·g^(-1)for puerarin,0.1851 mg·g^(-1)for mangiferin and 0.0429 mg·g^(-1)for calycosin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside.The results of animal experiments indicated that compared with Qi and Yin deficiency DN rats,YYD significantly improved the symptoms of lethargy and fatigue,increased swimming time,reduced water intake and increased food intake;increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreased the abundance of Firmicutes in feces.Furthermore,according to measurements of blood lipids,blood glucose,renal function,IgG and IgM,as well as cAMP and cGMP,which are the energy homeostasis factors of the body,YYD could significantly improve the levels of these indicators in the model rats.HE staining showed that compared with model rats,YYD remarkably alleviated kidney and colon damage;inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-αand IL-6 in the kidney and colon,and markedly raised the expression levels of renal and colonic kinetic proteins CHRM3 and 5-HT3A as well as mucosal barrier proteins Occludin and ZO-1.Conclusion YYD play a role in preventing and treating in rats with Qi-Yin deficiency DN,and this effect may be related to YYD correcting intestinal flora dysbiosis,delaying intestinal mucosal damage and improving renal and colonic inflammation in the model rats.