从“湿热致瘀”角度探讨幽门螺旋杆菌感染对慢性萎缩性胃炎Hedgehog及NOX/NF-κB/STAT1信号通路的影响

To Investigate the Effect of Helicobacter Pylori Infection on Hedgehog and NOX/NF-κB/STAT1 Signaling Pathway in Chronic Atrophic Gastritis from the Perspective of“Dampness-Heat Induced Blood Stasis”

目的比较幽门螺旋杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)感染与非Hp感染的慢性萎缩性胃炎(Chronic atrophic gastritis,CAG)患者胃黏膜病理状态与刺猬蛋白-细胞表面受体Ptch-G蛋白偶联受体样蛋白Smo-胶质瘤相关癌基因同源蛋白Gli(Hedgehog信号通路,Hh-Ptch-Smo-Gli)及烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧化酶/核因子κB/转录信号转导子和转录活化子1(NOX/NF-κB/STAT1)信号通路相关因子表达差异,探究Hp促进CAG“炎癌转化”的生物学机制。方法纳入符合标准的43名CAG患者,分为CAG伴Hp感染组(Hp+CAG组,n=21)、CAG不伴Hp感染组(Hp-CAG组,n=22),观察两组患者胃黏膜苏木精-伊红(HE)染色组织形态学改变,采用蛋白质免疫印迹(Western blot)检测胃黏膜NOX1、NOX2、NOX4、STAT1、P65、p-P65相对表达量;实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)技术检测胃黏膜胶质瘤相关癌基因同源蛋白1 mRNA(Gli1 mRNA)、胶质瘤相关癌基因同源蛋白2 mRNA(Gli2 mRNA)、胶质瘤相关癌基因同源蛋白3 mRNA(Gli3 mRNA)、音猬因子mRNA(Shh mRNA)、G蛋白偶联受体样蛋白mRNA(Smo mRNA)、细胞表面受体Ptch mRNA(Ptch mRNA)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧化酶1 mRNA(NOX1 mRNA)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧化酶2 mRNA(NOX2 mRNA)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧化酶4 mRNA(NOX4 mRNA)、核因子κB mRNA(NF-κB mRNA)水平。结果两组患者胃组织HE染色结果:Hp+CAG组患者胃黏膜上皮细胞部分坏死脱落,表面欠光整,腺体数量减少,排列紊乱,可见肠上皮化生,固有层内可见弥漫性淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞浸润;Hp-CAG组患者淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞浸润程度较Hp+CAG组轻。RT-qPCR检测结果:与Hp-CAG组相比,Hp+CAG组患者胃黏膜Gli1 mRNA、Shh mRNA、Smo mRNA、Ptch mRNA水平显著降低(P<0.01);Gli2 mRNA、Gli3 mRNA、NOX1 mRNA、NOX2 mRNA、NOX4 mRNA、NF-κB mRNA水平显著增高(P<0.01)。Western blot检测结果:与Hp-CAG组相比,Hp+CAG组患者胃黏膜NOX1/GAPDH(内参)、NOX2/GAPDH、NOX4/GAPDH、p-P65/GAPDH相对表达量明显增高(P<0.01),STAT1水平显著降低(P<0.01),两组P65/GAPDH相对表达量的差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论Hp感染后可能通过抑制Hh-Ptch-Smo-Gli信号通路,并使NOX/NF-κB/STAT1信号通路异常活化,导致胃黏膜长期炎症,促进萎缩及肠上皮化生,增加癌变风险。

Objective To compare the pathological status of gastric mucosa and the expression of HH-PTCH-SMO-GLI(Hedgehog signaling pathway)and NOX/NF-κB/STAT1 signaling pathways in Hp and non-HP infected CAG patients,and to explore the biological mechanism of Hp promoting the“inflammatory cancer transformation”of CAG.Methods 43 patients with CAG who met the criteria were enrolled and divided into CAG with Hp infection group(Hp+CAG group,n=21)and CAG without Hp infection group(HP-CAG group,n=22).The histological changes of gastric mucosa were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Western blot was used to detect the relative expression levels of NOX1,NOX2,NOX4,STAT1,P65 and P-P65 in gastric mucosa.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)was used to detect Gli1 mRNA,Gli2 mRNA,Gli3 mRNA,Shh mRNA,Smo mRNA,Ptch mRNA,NOX1 mRNA,NOX2 mRNA,NOX4 mRNA and NF-κB mRNA in gastric mucosa The mRNA level.Results HE staining results of gastric tissues in the two groups:In the Hp+CAG group,gastric epithelial cells were partially necrotic and shed,the surface was not smooth,the number of glands was reduced and disordered,intestinal metaplasia was observed,and diffuse lymphocyte and neutrophil infiltration were observed in the lamina proper.The degree of lymphocyte and neutrophil infiltration in HP-CAG group was lighter than that in Hp+CAG group.RT-qPCR results:Compared with HP-CAG group,the levels of Gli1 mRNA,Shh mRNA,Smo mRNA and Ptch mRNA in gastric mucosa of Hp+CAG group were significantly decreased(P<0.01).The levels of Gli2 mRNA,Gli3 mRNA,NOX1 mRNA,NOX2 mRNA,NOX4 mRNA and NF-κB mRNA were significantly increased(P<0.01).Western blot detection results:Compared with hP-CAG group,the relative expression levels of NOX1/GAPDH,NOX2/GAPDH,NOX4/GAPDH and P-P65/GAPDH in gastric mucosa of Hp+CAG group were significantly increased(P<0.01),and the STAT1 level was significantly decreased(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in the relative expression of P65/GAPDH between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Hp infection may cause long-term inflammation of gastric mucosa,promote atrophy and intestinal metaplasia,and increase the risk of cancer by inhibiting hH-PTC-SMO-GLi signaling pathway and abnormal activation of NOX/NF-κB/STAT1 signaling pathway.