药食同源大品种茯苓中多糖与三萜研究进展

Research Process of Polysaccharide and Triterpenoids in Large Varieties of Poria cocos with Homology of Medicine and Food

茯苓为经典药食同源中药,有利水渗湿、益脾和胃、宁心安神等功效,素有“十方九茯苓”之称。茯苓中含有多糖、三萜、甾体等化学成分类群,其中多糖和三萜是主要有效成分群。现代研究表明,茯苓多糖和茯苓三萜具有抗肿瘤、调节免疫、抗氧化等药理活性。茯苓多糖和三萜在传统的煎煮过程溶出率均较低,且茯苓多糖口服吸收率较低的情况下,茯苓依然展现了非常好的活性,提示茯苓多糖和三萜的高活性,因此本文针对茯苓多糖和茯苓三萜类成分的提取分离、结构鉴定、含量测定、结构修饰、生物合成、药理活性和潜在的产品开发价值等方面进行系统综述,以期为茯苓大健康产业的发展提供文献参考。

Poria cocos is a classic Chinese medicine with homology of food and medicine,which is beneficial to water infiltration,spleen and stomach,calming the heart and calming the mind,etc.It is known as"nine Poria cocos in ten prescriptions".Poria cocos contains polysaccharide,triterpenoids and steroids,among them polysaccharide and triterpenoid are considered as the main active components.Modern studies have shown that Poria cocos polysaccharide triterpenes display pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor,immunomodulatory and anti-oxidation.The dissolution rate of poria cocos and triterpenes was low in the traditional decocting process,and the oral absorption rate of poria cocos was low,but the activity of poria cocos and triterpenes was still very good,indicating the high activity of poria cocos and triterpenes.Therefore,this paper systematically reviews the extraction and separation,structural identification,content determination,structural modification,biosynthesis,pharmacological activity and potential product development value of Poria cocos polysaccharide and triterpenoids,in order to provide literature reference for the development of Poria cocos grand health industry.