多基原藏药贝嘎的名称、品种和功效考证研究

Textual Research on the Name,Variety and Efficacy of Multi-base Original Tibetan Medicine Bega

贝嘎系藏医临床常用藏药材之一,本文通过查阅历代藏医药古籍文献及当代汉译的《四部医典》《晶珠本草》等本草文集,对其不同来源藏药材的药用名、别名、基原、产地、功效、炮制及禁忌等进行研究,并就用药混乱现象进行梳理分析。研究发现,贝嘎最早以苟固嘎布记载于《月王药诊》,后逐渐以正名贝嘎记载于《四部医典》及各类以四部医典注释为主的藏医药学著作中。经本草考证,14世纪前的古籍文献中未见贝嘎的优劣之分,14世纪起被分为两类记载,即状如马牙的贝嘎达苏玛和贝木(局玛、赛玛)。查阅资料可知,上品贝嘎达苏玛为娑罗树Shorea robusta Gaertn.的树脂,因种种原因已不使用;次品贝木为卡氏乳香Boswellia carterii Birdw.。目前,藏医临床常以琥珀或卡氏乳香作为贝嘎原药材入药,笔者认为琥珀Ambrum为贝嘎正品娑罗树树脂的替代品或地方习用品,蒙药和少数藏地以芸香Liquidambar formosana Hance.入药。对比临床常用3个品种,三者功效相近,且已知主要化学成分均为树脂和挥发油。贝嘎的本草考证将为藏医临床的科学、合理用药和质量标准建立提供理论参考。

Bega is one of the commonly used Tibetan medicinal materials in Tibetan medicine clinic.This paper studies the medical names,alias,origin,efficacy,processing and taboos of Tibetan medicine from different sources by consulting ancient Tibetan medical literature and contemp orary Chinese translation of'four medical classics such as"Jingzhu Herb",and combs and analyzes the confusion of drug use.The study found that Bega was first recorded in"Yuewang Yaozhen"by Gougugabu,and then gradually recorded in"four medical classics"by Bega and various Tibetan medical classics mainly annotated.According to the textual research,there is no distinction between the advantages and disadvantages of Bega in the ancient literture before.Since the 14th century,it has been divided into two types of records,namely Begadasuma and Beimu(Juma,Saima),which are similar to Mala.Access to information shows that authentic Begadasuma is a resin of Shorea robusta Gaertn.,which is no longer used for various reasons;the secondary shellfish was Beimu was Boswellia Carterii Birdw.At present,Ambrum or Carambar formosana is often used as the original medicine of Bega.The author believes that Ambrum is a substitute for the original resin,Mongolian medicine and a few Tibetan areas with Liquidambar formosana Hance.Compared with the three commonly used in clinic,they have similar efficary,and the main chemical components are resin and volatile oil.The textual research of Bega will provide a theoretical reference for the scientific,rational drug use and quality standard establishment of Tibetan medicine.