中医医师岗位胜任力模型构建与实证研究

Construction and Empirical Study of Post Competency Model of Traditional Chinese Medicine Doctors

目的探索发现中医医师岗位胜任力的构成要素及其结构,构建岗位胜任力模型。方法通过两期行为事件访谈、名老中医专家成才经验质性研究、焦点小组座谈和专家咨询,构建中医医师岗位胜任力理论模型。以理论模型为依据编制调查问卷,面向9个省(直辖市、自治区)的517名中医临床医师和相关人员开展问卷调查,对调查数据进行探索性因子分析,结合对142名中医临床医师的第三期行为事件访谈结果和专家咨询论证,多途径探索、多技术融合确定模型。结果KMO值为0.956、P<0.001,说明存在共同因子,可进行因子分析;正交旋转后提取出特征值大于1的因子29个,累积方差贡献率为76.772%,表明问卷结构效度良好;第一个因子的方差解释率为15.743%,数据不存在严重共同方法偏差问题。结论(1)中医医师岗位胜任力模型为三级多维结构:一级为6个胜任力维度、二级为18个胜任力因子、三级为124个胜任力特征要素,可为中医教育教学改革和人力资源管理提供理论参考;(2)经脉等中医基础知识、辨证诊断能力、医患关系处理能力、团队协作与环境适应能力、终身学习与独立思考能力5个方面,是中医医师岗位胜任力的关键因素;(3)中医人才成长以大医精诚为灵魂,中医思维为核心,动手能力为基础;(4)《中医医师岗位胜任力调查问卷》的信度和效度良好,内在逻辑关系清晰,可作为相关研究的研究工具。

Objective To explore and find the constituent elements and structure of post competency of traditional Chinese medicine doctors,and build a post competency model.Methods The theoretical model of post competency of traditional Chinese medicine doctors was constructed through two behavioral event interviews,empirical research on the success of famous and old traditional Chinese medicine experts,focus group discussion and expert consultation.Based on the theoretical model,a questionnaire was prepared,and a questionnaire survey was conducted for 517 TCM clinicians and relevant personnel in 9 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions).Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the survey data.Combined with the results of the third phase of behavioral event interview and expert consultation and demonstration of 142 TCM clinicians,the model was determined through multi-channel exploration and multi technology integration.Results The KMO value was 0.956,P<0.001,indicating that there were common factors,which could be analyzed by factor analysis.After orthogonal rotation,29 factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 were extracted,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 76.772%,indicating that the structural validity of the questionnaire was good.The variance interpretation rate of the first factor is 15.743%,and there is no serious common method deviation in the data.Conclusion①The post competency model of traditional Chinese medicine doctors is a three-level multi-dimensional structure:the first level is 6 competency dimensions,the second level is 18 competency factors,and the third level is 124 competency elements,which can provide theoretical reference for the reform of traditional Chinese medicine education and teaching and human resource management.②Basic knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine such as meridians,ability of syndrome differentiation and diagnosis,ability of dealing with doctor-patient relationship,ability of teamwork and environmental adaptability,lifelong learning and independent thinking ability are the key factors of post competence of traditional Chinese medicine doctors.③The growth of traditional Chinese medicine talents is based on the sincerity of big medicine as the soul,the thinking of traditional Chinese medicine as the core and the practical ability.④The questionnaire of job competency of traditional Chinese medicine doctors has good reliability and validity,and the internal logical relationship is clear.It can be used as a research tool for relevant research.