全球秩序观的理性转向与“新理性”——人类命运共同体的理性基础

Innovation of Rationality Regarding the View on World Order and Its Theoretical Support for the “New Rationality” Basis of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

以纯粹个体理性为理性基础的全球秩序观在世界政治互动中产生了现实困境。基于对旧秩序观的反思,中国提出了人类命运共同体理念。世界政治理论中以关系理性与交往理性为代表的两条理性转向路径超越了个体理性范式,为解释人类命运共同体的理性基础提供了借鉴。关系理性与交往理性分别以本体层面创新与设立交往情境的方式避免了行为体的孤立化。两者均强调行为体的社会属性,但在观察行为体的视角、对互动本质的理解以及解释行为逻辑的前提假设三方面存在差异。两者的互鉴与融合进一步为构建人类命运共同体的"新理性"基础带来了启示:结合观察行为体的社会结构视角与对话视角,"新理性"提供了一种不同于个体理性的利益观。融合对互动本质的理解,"新理性"强调互动生成新知识的社会效果。"新理性"以行为体接受和谐共生的存在状态作为解释行为逻辑的前提假定。为了使这一假定成为现实中的共识并为构建人类命运共同体创造条件,"新理性"重视通过互动实践培育行为体间的共同感、塑造"命运共同体一员"的身份认同以及形成对国际伦理与国际责任的共同认识。

The view on world order merely based on individual rationality has already caused actual dilemma in world political interaction.Concerning the drawbacks of outdated view on world order,China initiates the idea of"a community with a shared future for mankind".In world political theory,two approaches of the innovation of rationality represented by the concepts of relational rationality and communicative rationality surpass the paradigm of individual rationality and provide reference for the explanation of the rational basis of"a community with a shared future for mankind".Relational rationality and communicative rationality adopt methods of ontological innovation and setting communicative situation respectively to avoid the isolation of actors from social context.Both of them emphasize actors’social attributes,but they differ in the perspectives from which actors are observed,the understanding of the nature of actors’interaction,and the premises and hypotheses of their interpretations of actors’behavioral logic.Mutual reference and combination of these two concepts can shed light on the explanation of"New Rationality",the rational basis of"a community with shared future for mankind".By combining the perspectives of social structure and dialogue from which actors are observed,"New Rationality"provides a view on interests different from that of individual rationality.By regarding different understanding of the nature of interaction,"New Rationality"emphasizes the social effects of interaction that interaction can generate new knowledge.Besides,"New Rationality"takes actors’agreement on harmonious symbiosis with each other as the premise and hypothesis of its explanation of actors’behavioral logic.To make sure this hypothesis can become a real consensus among actors,and create premise for the building of a community with a shared future for mankind,"New Rationality"pays attention to the social functions of interaction to cultivate a sense of community,generate an identity of"a member of the community with a shared future",and create a common recognition of international ethics and international responsibility.