FTA网络的企业创新效应:从被动嵌入到主动利用

Corporate Innovation Effects of the Global FTA Network: From Passive Embedding to Active Exploitation

本文利用社会网络分析法构建中国企业在全球自由贸易协定(FTA)网络的嵌入位置指标,并基于2005-2016年中国进出口海关数据库和上市公司数据库的匹配数据,检验FTA网络嵌入对中国企业创新的影响。研究发现:企业嵌入FTA网络能够促进专利(尤其是发明专利)申请数量的提高,但该作用会随着时间的推移不断减弱;FTA网络嵌入的创新效应在国有企业、高新技术企业和中西部地区企业中尤为显著;进出口嵌入和国家嵌入对企业创新水平均具有正向促进作用,且国家嵌入的贡献度更大;FTA网络嵌入能够通过扩大贸易规模、加强竞争激励和信息技术扩散机制作用于企业创新。这些结论为助推中国企业从"被动嵌入"到"主动利用"FTA网络、破解企业创新困境提供了新思路。

This paper uses the social network analysis method for the first time to construct an embedded position index of Chinese enterprises in the global free trade agreement(FTA)network,examining the impact of the embedded position in the FTA network on the innovation of Chinese enterprises based on matching data from Chinese customs import and export databases and the listed enterprises database between 2005 and 2016.The research finds that:(1)embedding in the global FTA network contributes to an increase in the number of enterprise patent applications(especially patents for inventions),but this effect weakens over time;(2)the innovation effect of embedding in the FTA network is particularly prominent in state-owned enterprises,high-tech enterprises and enterprises in the central and western regions;(3)export,import and national embeddings have a positive effect on the level of enterprise innovation,and the contribution of national embedding is significantly greater than that of others.At the same time,this effect is mainly reflected in the application for invention patents.(4)The mechanism of the corporate innovation effect of the FTA network is to scale up trade,strengthen competitive incentives and disseminate information technology.The embedding of exports and imports also mainly affects corporate innovation through the trade-scale mechanism,while the main channels of national embedding turn out to be market competition and information technology dissemination mechanisms.These findings provide new ideas to help Chinese enterprises move from"passive embedding"to"active exploitation"of FTA networks and to understanding the dilemma of corporate innovation.