从人口红利到性别红利:女性就业与企业出口

From Demographic Dividend to Gender Dividend: A New Way of Thinking Based on Female Employment and Firm Export

在中国人口红利因素逐渐消失和劳动力市场上就业性别差异逐年扩大的背景下,本文利用2004-2007年规模以上制造业企业数据研究性别红利因素对企业出口规模的影响,研究发现女性就业份额的增加对企业出口规模有正向影响。机制检验结果表明,劳动成本降低和生产率提升是女性就业份额影响企业出口规模的可能渠道。不同维度的异质性分析表明,女性就业份额提升对企业出口规模的促进作用,在外资企业、技能密集型企业、女性密集行业、高技术行业和女性受教育水平低地区的影响更大。本研究对实现劳动力市场性别平等和形成出口新推力具有重要参考价值。

In the context of China’s gradual decline in the demographic dividend and the growing gender gap in employment,this paper examines the impact of the gender dividend on corporate export scale by investigating numerous firm-manufacturing-level microeconomic databases between 2004 and 2007.The results of the study show that a rise in the female employment share indeed increases the export scale of manufacturing firms.It also demonstrates that the effect of reducing labour costs and increasing total factor productivity constitutes the underlying force between female employment and corporate export scale.The impact of increasing female employment share in the expansion of corporate exports is heterogeneous,and in foreign-funded firms,skill-intensive firms,high-tech firms,female-intensive industries,and firms in areas with a lower education rate,the increase in female workers brings greater growth to exports.The research carried out in this paper provides a significant reference value in achieving gender equality in the labour market and giving new impetus to corporate exports.