基于多层级原型结构的义位分析——方向和限制

Sense Generalization Based on Hierarchically Prototypical Structure: Direction and Restrictions

本文以汉语动词"收"等为例,探讨义位归并受限的相对性。在多义范畴本质上是一个多层级原型结构这一认识的基础上,本文提出"义系-显著性制约"模式,它包括两个制约:1)义系的制约,即义位归并应在同一义系的范围内进行;2)显著性的制约,即归并的方向应是弱显著义并入同一义链上(至少同义系内)的强显著义。该模式还包括三个前提条件:1)一个精细的多义二维网络;2)一组义系;3)所有义位变体的显著性程度等级。在该模式下,本文为"收"等词找到了多个可能的多义体系。文末顺带讨论了多义的"基本层次范畴"问题。

Taking the Chinese verb shou(收)and some others as examples,this paper focuses on the restricted relativity in sense generalization.Given the fact that polysemy is essentially a hierarchically prototypical structure,we propose a model of cluster-and-salience restriction which includes two constraints:constraint from salience and constrain from sense clusters.In addition,there are three preconditions to this model:a fine-grained network,a group of sense clusters,and a salience gradation of all sense variants.With this model,we find multipossible polysemous systems for the verbs analyzed in this paper.This model is also applied to an discussion of the"basic-level category"in polysemy.