我国地方规划权:发展历程、风险与法律控制

Local Planning Rights in China:Development Process,Risk and Legal Control

纵观国内学者相关研究可以看出,规划权制度引入中国较晚,尤其是针对2019年新《土地管理法》修正后规划权下放到地方的改革研究处于起步阶段,新法实施之后的地方规划权无论是纵向还是横向上都处于扩张状态,而针对扩大后的地方规划权的法律控制研究几乎是空白。我国早期研究更多的是针对原来的行政行为和分散规划情况的研究,原来的控权问题都没有解决,扩大后的地方规划权更是处于被滥用的风险状态。因此,对地方规划权的法律控制研究具有重大的理论价值和实践意义。本文首先梳理了我国地方规划权法律控制的发展历程,接着提出下放规划权到地方的风险,最后针对风险问题提出可以防止地方政府滥用规划权的法律建议:(1)强化我国土地督查制度的监督效能;(2)加强人大对地方规划审批权和变更权的监督;(3)强化规划的法律效力。

Throughout the domestic scholars research it can be seen that planning power system is introduced into relatively late in China,especially in 2019,the new revised"land management law"planning power devolved to local research in its infancy,the reform of the new law after the local planning authority both on the longitudinal and transverse expansion,and the local planning authority for expanded legal control research is almost blank.In the early stage of new China,more studies were focused on the original administrative ACTS and decentralized planning.The original problems of power control were not solved,and the expanded local planning power was in a state of risk of being abused.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the legal control of local planning rights.This paper first summarizes the development process of local planning right legal control in China,then puts forward the risks of decentralization of planning right to local governments,and finally puts forward legal suggestions to prevent local governments from abusing planning right according to the risks:(1)strengthen the supervision efficiency of China’s land supervision system;(2)strengthen the supervision of the people’s congresses over the examination and approval rights and the right to change local plans;(3)strengthen the legal effect of planning.